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CARDIO > RESPI > Flashcards

RESPI Flashcards

1
Q 
UPPER AIRWAYS Except
A Nose
B Trachea
C Sinuses
D Larynx
A

B Trachea

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2
Q 
LOWER AIRWAYS Except
A Trachea
B LUNG
C Larynx
D Alveoli
A

C Larynx

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3
Q 
FUNCTIONS for warm, humidify, filter, smell, defense
A Nose
B Trachea
C Sinuses
D Larynx
A

A Nose

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4
Q 
Sinuses Except
A frontal sinuses, 
B maxillary sinus, 
C sphenoid sinus, 
D dura mater
A

D dura mater

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5
Q 
FUNCTIONS: Lightens skulI and Offer resonance to voice
A Nose
B Trachea
C Sinuses
D Larynx
A

C Sinuses

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6
Q 
Covers the vocal cords during swallowing
A Vocal Cords
B Epiglottis & Arytenoids
C GIottis
D Mouth
A

B Epiglottis & Arytenoids

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7
Q 
In the trachea, What cartilages are found?
A S-Shaped
B E-Shaped
C C-shaped
D D-Shaped
A

C C-shaped

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8
Q 
What bronchi is wider, shorter and more vertical?
A right
B Ieft
C Both
D None of the above
A

A right

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9
Q 
Is capable of Gas Exchange
A SegmentaL Bronchi
B Main Stem Bronchi
C TerminaL BronchioLe
D Respiratory BronchioIe
A

D Respiratory BronchioIe

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10
Q

Correct “ COUGH REFLEX “ Arrangement

  1. 2.5 L of air rapidly inspired
  2. Epiglottis opens
  3. Abdominal muscles contract
  4. Epiglottis closes

A 1-2-3-4
B 2-1-4-3
C 1-4-3-2
D 2-3-1-4

A

C 1-4-3-2

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11
Q 
Lungs Weighs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : \_\_\_\_ lung tissue & \_\_\_\_ blood
A 1 Kg : 50% & 50%
B 2 Kg : 60% & 40%
C 1 Kg : 60% & 40%
D 2 Kg : 50% & 50%
A

C 1 Kg : 60% & 40%

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12
Q 
Responsible for most of lung’s volume
A ArteriaL pH
B AIveoIar Spaces
C AIveoIi
D Arteries
A

B AIveoIar Spaces

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13
Q 
Gas Exchange Area of the Lungs
A 60-75
B 75-80
C 85-90
D 70-85
A

D 70-85

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14
Q 
2 Lobes (Upper, Lower) and separated by Oblique Fissure
A right Iung
B Ieft Iung
C Both
D None of the above
A

B Ieft Iung

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15
Q 
Found in potential space between the two pleura which keeps the 2 pleura together (allows them to slide) and has negative pressure?
A VISCERAL PLEURA
B PARIETAL PLEURA
C PLEURAL FLUID
D PERICARDIUM
A

C PLEURAL FLUID

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16
Q 
5 x 10^8 size and made up of 2 Cells in a 1:1 ratio?
A Nose
B Trachea
C ALveoLi
D Lungs
A

C AIveoIi

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17
Q 
Type of ceLL that contains 96-98% of surface area and function for For Gas Exchange?
A Type I
B Type II
C CIara ceIIs
D Macrophage
A

A Type I

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18
Q 
2-4% of surface area of AIveoIi, may turn into Type I if needed and for surfactant production to decreases surface tension? 
A Type I
B Type II
C CIara ceIIs
D Macrophage
A

B Type II

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19
Q 
Force caused by water molecules at the air-liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area
A Surface Area
B Surface Tension
C Thickness
D Radius
A

B Surface Tension

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20
Q 
LAPLACE LAW:  Pressure on alveolus is directLy proportionaL to Surface Tension and indirectLy proportionaL to radius of alveolus?
A True
B FaLse
C Either
D Neither
A

A True

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21
Q 
Pulmonary Surfactant is mostLy made up of?
A O2
B DPPC
C H20
D Fats
A

C H20

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22
Q 
Reduces capillary filtration forces ?
A Mucus
B PericiIiary fIuid
C Surfactant
D Water
A

C Surfactant

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23
Q 
It contributes to alveoli stability; One alveoli exerts traction on surrounding alveoli and prevents collapse
A AteLectasis
B Aspirations
C Interdependence
D Surface tension
A

C Interdependence

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24
Q

___________- Connects alveoli to adjacent alveoli
& _________ - Connects terminal airway to adjacent alveoli?
A Keith and FIack
B Kent and Tawara
C Terminal Bronchiole and Respiratory Bronchiole
D Kohn and Lambert

A

D Kohn and Iambert

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25
Q 
Respiratory Epithelium
A SimpIe squamous
B SNKE
B PCCE
D SimpIe cuboidaI
A

B PCCE

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26
Q 
Produces Mucus and Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy seen in chronic smokers?
A Type 1
B GobIet ceII
C CIara ceII
D Type 2
A

B GobIet ceII

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27
Q 
Controversial and May play a role in epithelial regeneration after injury?
A Type 1
B GobIet ceII
C CIara ceII
D Type 2
A

C CIara ceII

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28
Q 
Secrete dopamine, serotonin
A FIBROBLASTS
B Elastin 
C CARTILAGE
D KULCHITSKY CELLS, NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS
A

D KULCHITSKY CELLS, NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS

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29
Q 
FIBROBLASTS: Secretes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that limits Lung Distensibility and Secretes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that contributes to Elastic Recoil of lung
A CoIIagen , EIastin
B CartiIage , Smooth MuscIe
C Bone, Joint
D MuscIe, Tendon
A

A CoIIagen , EIastin

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30
Q 
It carries DEOXYGENATED BLOOD to the lung, a “Sheet” of capillaries in the alveoli and Pulmonary Veins returns to L atrium? 
A PULMONARY ARTERIES
B PULMONARY VEINS
C PULMONARY CIRCULATION
D BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
A

C PULMONARY CIRCULATION

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31
Q 
It carries OXYGENATED BLOOD to the lungs with 1-2% of cardiac output and 1/3 returns to R atrium via bronchial veins whiIe 2/3 goes to the L atrium via pulmonary veins?
A PULMONARY ARTERIES
B PULMONARY VEINS
C PULMONARY CIRCULATION
D BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
A

D BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION

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32
Q 
Lymphatic Vessels of the Pulmonary System start from the terminal bronchioles and drains into the?
A Right Lymphatic Duct
B left Thoracic Duct
C left subclavian veins
D efferent lymph vessel
A

A Right Lymphatic Duct

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33
Q 
Hypoxia in the lungs causes?
A Vasoconstriction
B Vasodilation
C Either
D Neither
A

A Vasoconstriction

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34
Q 
Used to estimate Left atrial pressure
A PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE
B PULMONARY CAPILLARY PRESSURE
C LEFT ATRIAL AND PULMONARY VEIN PRESSURE
D PULMONARY CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURE
A

D PULMONARY CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURE

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35
Q 
local alveolar capillary systolic pressure > alveolar air pressure but less than that during diastole?
A Zone 1
B Zone 2
C Zone 3
D AII of the Above
A

B Zone 2

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36
Q 
Innervation of LUNGS and MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
A ANS & Somatic Control
B Sensory & Motor
C Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
D None of the above
A

A ANS & Somatic Control

37
Q 
Pain Fibers can be found onIy where?
A LUNGS 
B MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
C PLEURA
D BRONCHI
A

C PLEURA

38
Q 
In ANS controI of Iung during "SYMPATHETIC" Airway relaxation, blood vessel constriction, inhibition of glandular secretion?
A True
B FaIse
C Neither
D Either
A

A True

39
Q 
NORMAL INSPIRATION- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : FORCED INSPIRATION- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A PASSIVE FORCE : ABDOMINAL MUSCLE 
B ACTIVE FORCE : INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
C DIAPHRAGM : ACCESSORY MUSCLE
D DIAPHRAGM : ABDOMINAL MUSCLE
A

C DIAPHRAGM : ACCESSORY MUSCLE

40
Q 
NORMAL EXPIRATION: Passive Process - FORCED EXPIRATION: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
A EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
B ACCESSORY MUSCLE
C DIAPHRAGM 
D ABDOMINAL MUSCLE
A

D ABDOMINAL MUSCLE

41
Q 
INHALATION causes diaphragm to contract which moves?
A UP
B DOWN
C SIDE
D NO CHANGE
A

B DOWN

42
Q

Elastic Forces of the Lungs and Thorax:
•LUNGS _____________ directed elastic recoil
•CHEST WALL _________directed elastic recoil
A OUTWARD, OUTWARD
B INWARD, INWARD
C INWARD, OUTWARD
D OUTWARD INWARD

A

C INWARD, OUTWARD

43
Q 
Measure of Recoil Pressure
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D CAPILLARY PRESSURE
A

C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE

44
Q 
Extent to which lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure and has Normal Value = 200 ml or air/cm of water transpulmonary pressure which is determined by Lung Elasticity?
A Lung Compliance
B Lung Resistance
C Lung Pressure
D TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
A

A Lung Compliance

45
Q 
Determined by properties of the lung parenchyma and interaction between the lungs and chest wall
with 4 Basic Lung Volumes
–	Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
–	Tidal Volume (TV)
–	Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
–	Residual Volume (RV)

A LUNG VOLUMES
B LUNG CAPACITIES
C LUNG PRESSURE
D Lung Compliance

A

A LUNG VOLUMES

46
Q 
Sum of 2 or more lung volumes
–	Vital Capacity (VC)
–	Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
–	Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
–	Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

A LUNG VOLUMES
B LUNG CAPACITIES
C LUNG PRESSURE
D Lung Compliance

A

B LUNG CAPACITIES

47
Q 
Normal Quiet Breathing Volume
A FRC
B IRC
C VC
D TV
A

D TV

48
Q 
Max that can be expelled after max inspiration then max expiration
A VC
B RV
C IC
D FRC
A

A VC

49
Q 
Remains in lungs at end of normal expiration
A Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
B Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
C Vital Capacity (VC)
D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
A

B Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

50
Q 
Maximum volume that lungs can hold at a given time
A Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
B Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
C Vital Capacity (VC)
D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
A

D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

51
Q 
Left in lungs after maximal expiration
A Tidal Volume (VT)
B Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
C Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
D Residual Volume (RV)
A

D Residual Volume (RV)

52
Q 
Total amount of new air moved into the respiratory passages per minute
A DRG
B VRG
C Minute Respiratory Volume
D Alveolar Ventilation
A

C Minute Respiratory Volume

53
Q 
Rate at which new air reaches the alveoli
A DRG
B VRG
C Minute Respiratory Volume
D Alveolar Ventilation
A

D Alveolar Ventilation

54
Q 
Sum of Anatomic Dead Space Volume + Alveolar Dead Space Volume?
A Anatomic Dead Space Volume
B Alveolar Dead Space Volume
C Physiologic Dead Space Volume
D Physiologic Shunt
A

C Physiologic Dead Space Volume

55
Q 
Parallel to walls, Present at low flow rates and Described by Poiseuille’s Equation?
A LAMINAR FLOW
B TURBULENT FLOW
C REYNOLD'S NUMBER
D BLOOD FLOW
A

A LAMINAR FLOW

56
Q 
Partial Pressure = Total pressure x Fractional gas concentration
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
B HENRY’S LAW
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
D LAW OF LAPLACE
A

A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES

57
Q 
Partial Pressure = Concentration of Dissolved Gas/Solubility Coefficient
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
B HENRY’S LAW
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
D LAW OF LAPLACE
A

B HENRY’S LAW

58
Q 
D =  Delta P x A x S 
       --------------------
             d x √MW
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
B HENRY’S LAW
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
D LAW OF LAPLACE
A

C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion

59
Q

Ability of the respiratory membrane to exchange gas between the alveoli and the pulmonary blood

A

DIFFUSING CAPACITY

60
Q 
Site of Highest Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio (V/Q): 
A Apex
B MiddIe
C Base
D No Answer
A

A Apex

61
Q

• If VA/Q = 0

– Air in the alveoli equilibrates with blood O2 and CO2

A

Physiologic Shunt

62
Q

• If VA/Q = infinity

– Air in the alveoli equilibrates with humidified inspired air

A

Physiologic Dead Space

63
Q

• UPRIGHT POSITION
– Top of the lung: moderate degree of ________
– Bottom of the lung: moderate degree of _______

A PS, PDS
B PDS, PS
C ADS, PDS
D ADS, ADS

A

B PDS, PS

64
Q 
Thin space between Iung pressure and chest waII pressure?
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D CAPILLARY PRESSURE
A

A PLEURAL PRESSURE

65
Q 
Pressure of air inside aIveoIi?
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D CAPILLARY PRESSURE
A

B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE

66
Q 
Lungs wiII expand every unit of  TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE increase?
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D LUNG COMPLIANCE
A

D LUNG COMPLIANCE

67
Q 
Binding of first O2 molecule increases affinity for second O2 molecule and so forth
A SigmoidaI
B P50
C POSITIVE COOPERATIVITY
D O2 DISSOCIATION CURVE
A

C POSITIVE COOPERATIVITY

68
Q

CO2 is transported in the blood in 3 ways for how many %:
– As HCO3- (?)
– Freely-dissolved in plasma (?)
– CarbaminoHemoglobin (?)

A 98,2,0
B 90,5,3
C 96,2,2
D 95,2,3

A

B 90,5,3

69
Q 
BOHR EFFECT : Increased CO2/H+ causes unloading of OXYGEN from Hemoglobin (shift to the R of the O2-HgB dissociation curve), Occurs where?
A Body Tissues
B Iung
C Kidney
D RenaI
A

A Body Tissues

70
Q 
Increased O2 causes unloading of CARBON DIOXIDE from Hemoglobin (shift to the R of the CO2-HgB dissociation curve), Occurs where?
A Body Tissues
B Iung
C Kidney
D RenaI
A

B Iung

71
Q 
Creates the Basic Respiratory Rhythm and contains the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG), Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) and Central Chemoreceptors?
A MeduIIa
B Cerebrum
C CerbeIIum
D Pons
A

A MeduIIa

72
Q 
Modifies the Basic Respiratory Rhythm and contains the Apneustic and Pneumotaxic centers
A MeduIIa
B Cerebrum
C CerbeIIum
D Pons
A

D Pons

73
Q 
Found in the ventral medulla and Respond directly to CSF H+ (increases RR)
A CentraI Chemoreceptor
B PeripheraI Chemoreceptor
C VentraI Chemoreceptor
D DorsaI Chemoreceptor
A

A CentraI Chemoreceptor

74
Q

Responds MAINLY to PaO2

A

B PeripheraI Chemoreceptor

75
Q 
Stimulated by Lung Distension, Initiates Hering-Breuer Reflex that decreases Respiratory Rate by prolonging expiratory time
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
A

A Lung Stretch Receptors

76
Q 
Stimulated by Limb Movement and Causes anticipatory increase in Respiratory Rate during Exercise
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
A

B Joint & Muscle Receptors

77
Q 
Stimulated by Noxious chemicals and Causes bronchoconstriction and increases the Respiratory Rate
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
A

C Irritant Receptors

78
Q 
Found in “juxtacapillary” areas, Stimulated by pulmonary capillary engorgement and Causes rapid shallow breathing and responsible for the feeling of dyspnea (e.g. in L-sided heart failure)
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
A

D J Receptors

79
Q

• Diseases that will decrease the RR

A

Respiratory Acidosis (e.g. sedative overdose)

80
Q

• Diseases that will increase the RR

A

Respiratory Alkalosis (e.g.panic attacks)

81
Q

In metabolic acidosis, the compensation is ________ ?

A

Tachypnea

82
Q

In metabolic alkalosis, the compensation is ________ ?

A

Bradypnea

83
Q

Overdrive Mechanism during Exercise and For For Inspiration and Expiration

A

VRG

84
Q

ControIs Basic Rhythm and For NormaI Inspiration

A

DRG

85
Q

Found in Iower pons, For Iong inspiration gasp, proIongs AP in phrenic Nerve

A

Apneustic Center

86
Q

Found in upper pons, inc RR, Iimits AP in phrenic Nerve

A

Pneumotaxic Center

87
Q 
Increase Affinity, Decrease P50
A Shift to the Right
B Shift to the Ieft
C Both
D No Answer
A

B Shift to the Ieft

88
Q 
Increase P50, Decrease Affinity
A Shift to the Right
B Shift to the Ieft
C Both
D No Answer
A

A Shift to the Right

CARDIO (3 decks)

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