RESPI Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
UPPER AIRWAYS Except A Nose B Trachea C Sinuses D Larynx
A
B Trachea
2
Q
LOWER AIRWAYS Except A Trachea B LUNG C Larynx D Alveoli
A
C Larynx
3
Q
FUNCTIONS for warm, humidify, filter, smell, defense A Nose B Trachea C Sinuses D Larynx
A
A Nose
4
Q
Sinuses Except A frontal sinuses, B maxillary sinus, C sphenoid sinus, D dura mater
A
D dura mater
5
Q
FUNCTIONS: Lightens skulI and Offer resonance to voice A Nose B Trachea C Sinuses D Larynx
A
C Sinuses
6
Q
Covers the vocal cords during swallowing A Vocal Cords B Epiglottis & Arytenoids C GIottis D Mouth
A
B Epiglottis & Arytenoids
7
Q
In the trachea, What cartilages are found? A S-Shaped B E-Shaped C C-shaped D D-Shaped
A
C C-shaped
8
Q
What bronchi is wider, shorter and more vertical? A right B Ieft C Both D None of the above
A
A right
9
Q
Is capable of Gas Exchange A SegmentaL Bronchi B Main Stem Bronchi C TerminaL BronchioLe D Respiratory BronchioIe
A
D Respiratory BronchioIe
10
Q
Correct “ COUGH REFLEX “ Arrangement
- 2.5 L of air rapidly inspired
- Epiglottis opens
- Abdominal muscles contract
- Epiglottis closes
A 1-2-3-4
B 2-1-4-3
C 1-4-3-2
D 2-3-1-4
A
C 1-4-3-2
11
Q
Lungs Weighs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : \_\_\_\_ lung tissue & \_\_\_\_ blood A 1 Kg : 50% & 50% B 2 Kg : 60% & 40% C 1 Kg : 60% & 40% D 2 Kg : 50% & 50%
A
C 1 Kg : 60% & 40%
12
Q
Responsible for most of lung’s volume A ArteriaL pH B AIveoIar Spaces C AIveoIi D Arteries
A
B AIveoIar Spaces
13
Q
Gas Exchange Area of the Lungs A 60-75 B 75-80 C 85-90 D 70-85
A
D 70-85
14
Q
2 Lobes (Upper, Lower) and separated by Oblique Fissure A right Iung B Ieft Iung C Both D None of the above
A
B Ieft Iung
15
Q
Found in potential space between the two pleura which keeps the 2 pleura together (allows them to slide) and has negative pressure? A VISCERAL PLEURA B PARIETAL PLEURA C PLEURAL FLUID D PERICARDIUM
A
C PLEURAL FLUID
16
Q
5 x 10^8 size and made up of 2 Cells in a 1:1 ratio? A Nose B Trachea C ALveoLi D Lungs
A
C AIveoIi
17
Q
Type of ceLL that contains 96-98% of surface area and function for For Gas Exchange? A Type I B Type II C CIara ceIIs D Macrophage
A
A Type I
18
Q
2-4% of surface area of AIveoIi, may turn into Type I if needed and for surfactant production to decreases surface tension? A Type I B Type II C CIara ceIIs D Macrophage
A
B Type II
19
Q
Force caused by water molecules at the air-liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area A Surface Area B Surface Tension C Thickness D Radius
A
B Surface Tension
20
Q
LAPLACE LAW: Pressure on alveolus is directLy proportionaL to Surface Tension and indirectLy proportionaL to radius of alveolus? A True B FaLse C Either D Neither
A
A True
21
Q
Pulmonary Surfactant is mostLy made up of? A O2 B DPPC C H20 D Fats
A
C H20
22
Q
Reduces capillary filtration forces ? A Mucus B PericiIiary fIuid C Surfactant D Water
A
C Surfactant
23
Q
It contributes to alveoli stability; One alveoli exerts traction on surrounding alveoli and prevents collapse A AteLectasis B Aspirations C Interdependence D Surface tension
A
C Interdependence
24
Q
___________- Connects alveoli to adjacent alveoli
& _________ - Connects terminal airway to adjacent alveoli?
A Keith and FIack
B Kent and Tawara
C Terminal Bronchiole and Respiratory Bronchiole
D Kohn and Lambert
A
D Kohn and Iambert
25
```
Respiratory Epithelium
A SimpIe squamous
B SNKE
B PCCE
D SimpIe cuboidaI
```
B PCCE
26
```
Produces Mucus and Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy seen in chronic smokers?
A Type 1
B GobIet ceII
C CIara ceII
D Type 2
```
B GobIet ceII
27
```
Controversial and May play a role in epithelial regeneration after injury?
A Type 1
B GobIet ceII
C CIara ceII
D Type 2
```
C CIara ceII
28
```
Secrete dopamine, serotonin
A FIBROBLASTS
B Elastin
C CARTILAGE
D KULCHITSKY CELLS, NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS
```
D KULCHITSKY CELLS, NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS
29
```
FIBROBLASTS: Secretes _______ that limits Lung Distensibility and Secretes _______ that contributes to Elastic Recoil of lung
A CoIIagen , EIastin
B CartiIage , Smooth MuscIe
C Bone, Joint
D MuscIe, Tendon
```
A CoIIagen , EIastin
30
```
It carries DEOXYGENATED BLOOD to the lung, a “Sheet” of capillaries in the alveoli and Pulmonary Veins returns to L atrium?
A PULMONARY ARTERIES
B PULMONARY VEINS
C PULMONARY CIRCULATION
D BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
```
C PULMONARY CIRCULATION
31
```
It carries OXYGENATED BLOOD to the lungs with 1-2% of cardiac output and 1/3 returns to R atrium via bronchial veins whiIe 2/3 goes to the L atrium via pulmonary veins?
A PULMONARY ARTERIES
B PULMONARY VEINS
C PULMONARY CIRCULATION
D BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
```
D BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
32
```
Lymphatic Vessels of the Pulmonary System start from the terminal bronchioles and drains into the?
A Right Lymphatic Duct
B left Thoracic Duct
C left subclavian veins
D efferent lymph vessel
```
A Right Lymphatic Duct
33
```
Hypoxia in the lungs causes?
A Vasoconstriction
B Vasodilation
C Either
D Neither
```
A Vasoconstriction
34
```
Used to estimate Left atrial pressure
A PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE
B PULMONARY CAPILLARY PRESSURE
C LEFT ATRIAL AND PULMONARY VEIN PRESSURE
D PULMONARY CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURE
```
D PULMONARY CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURE
35
```
local alveolar capillary systolic pressure > alveolar air pressure but less than that during diastole?
A Zone 1
B Zone 2
C Zone 3
D AII of the Above
```
B Zone 2
36
```
Innervation of LUNGS and MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
A ANS & Somatic Control
B Sensory & Motor
C Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
D None of the above
```
A ANS & Somatic Control
37
```
Pain Fibers can be found onIy where?
A LUNGS
B MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
C PLEURA
D BRONCHI
```
C PLEURA
38
```
In ANS controI of Iung during "SYMPATHETIC" Airway relaxation, blood vessel constriction, inhibition of glandular secretion?
A True
B FaIse
C Neither
D Either
```
A True
39
```
NORMAL INSPIRATION- _________ : FORCED INSPIRATION- _________?
A PASSIVE FORCE : ABDOMINAL MUSCLE
B ACTIVE FORCE : INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
C DIAPHRAGM : ACCESSORY MUSCLE
D DIAPHRAGM : ABDOMINAL MUSCLE
```
C DIAPHRAGM : ACCESSORY MUSCLE
40
```
NORMAL EXPIRATION: Passive Process - FORCED EXPIRATION: ____________?
A EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
B ACCESSORY MUSCLE
C DIAPHRAGM
D ABDOMINAL MUSCLE
```
D ABDOMINAL MUSCLE
41
```
INHALATION causes diaphragm to contract which moves?
A UP
B DOWN
C SIDE
D NO CHANGE
```
B DOWN
42
Elastic Forces of the Lungs and Thorax:
•LUNGS _____________ directed elastic recoil
•CHEST WALL _________directed elastic recoil
A OUTWARD, OUTWARD
B INWARD, INWARD
C INWARD, OUTWARD
D OUTWARD INWARD
C INWARD, OUTWARD
43
```
Measure of Recoil Pressure
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D CAPILLARY PRESSURE
```
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
44
```
Extent to which lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure and has Normal Value = 200 ml or air/cm of water transpulmonary pressure which is determined by Lung Elasticity?
A Lung Compliance
B Lung Resistance
C Lung Pressure
D TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
```
A Lung Compliance
45
```
Determined by properties of the lung parenchyma and interaction between the lungs and chest wall
with 4 Basic Lung Volumes
– Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
– Tidal Volume (TV)
– Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
– Residual Volume (RV)
```
A LUNG VOLUMES
B LUNG CAPACITIES
C LUNG PRESSURE
D Lung Compliance
A LUNG VOLUMES
46
```
Sum of 2 or more lung volumes
– Vital Capacity (VC)
– Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
– Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
– Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
```
A LUNG VOLUMES
B LUNG CAPACITIES
C LUNG PRESSURE
D Lung Compliance
B LUNG CAPACITIES
47
```
Normal Quiet Breathing Volume
A FRC
B IRC
C VC
D TV
```
D TV
48
```
Max that can be expelled after max inspiration then max expiration
A VC
B RV
C IC
D FRC
```
A VC
49
```
Remains in lungs at end of normal expiration
A Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
B Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
C Vital Capacity (VC)
D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
```
B Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
50
```
Maximum volume that lungs can hold at a given time
A Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
B Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
C Vital Capacity (VC)
D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
```
D Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
51
```
Left in lungs after maximal expiration
A Tidal Volume (VT)
B Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
C Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
D Residual Volume (RV)
```
D Residual Volume (RV)
52
```
Total amount of new air moved into the respiratory passages per minute
A DRG
B VRG
C Minute Respiratory Volume
D Alveolar Ventilation
```
C Minute Respiratory Volume
53
```
Rate at which new air reaches the alveoli
A DRG
B VRG
C Minute Respiratory Volume
D Alveolar Ventilation
```
D Alveolar Ventilation
54
```
Sum of Anatomic Dead Space Volume + Alveolar Dead Space Volume?
A Anatomic Dead Space Volume
B Alveolar Dead Space Volume
C Physiologic Dead Space Volume
D Physiologic Shunt
```
C Physiologic Dead Space Volume
55
```
Parallel to walls, Present at low flow rates and Described by Poiseuille’s Equation?
A LAMINAR FLOW
B TURBULENT FLOW
C REYNOLD'S NUMBER
D BLOOD FLOW
```
A LAMINAR FLOW
56
```
Partial Pressure = Total pressure x Fractional gas concentration
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
B HENRY’S LAW
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
D LAW OF LAPLACE
```
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
57
```
Partial Pressure = Concentration of Dissolved Gas/Solubility Coefficient
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
B HENRY’S LAW
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
D LAW OF LAPLACE
```
B HENRY’S LAW
58
```
D = Delta P x A x S
--------------------
d x √MW
A DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES
B HENRY’S LAW
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
D LAW OF LAPLACE
```
C Fick’s Law of Gas Diffusion
59
Ability of the respiratory membrane to exchange gas between the alveoli and the pulmonary blood
DIFFUSING CAPACITY
60
```
Site of Highest Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio (V/Q):
A Apex
B MiddIe
C Base
D No Answer
```
A Apex
61
• If VA/Q = 0
| – Air in the alveoli equilibrates with blood O2 and CO2
Physiologic Shunt
62
• If VA/Q = infinity
| – Air in the alveoli equilibrates with humidified inspired air
Physiologic Dead Space
63
• UPRIGHT POSITION
– Top of the lung: moderate degree of ________
– Bottom of the lung: moderate degree of _______
A PS, PDS
B PDS, PS
C ADS, PDS
D ADS, ADS
B PDS, PS
64
```
Thin space between Iung pressure and chest waII pressure?
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D CAPILLARY PRESSURE
```
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
65
```
Pressure of air inside aIveoIi?
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D CAPILLARY PRESSURE
```
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
66
```
Lungs wiII expand every unit of TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE increase?
A PLEURAL PRESSURE
B ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
C TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE
D LUNG COMPLIANCE
```
D LUNG COMPLIANCE
67
```
Binding of first O2 molecule increases affinity for second O2 molecule and so forth
A SigmoidaI
B P50
C POSITIVE COOPERATIVITY
D O2 DISSOCIATION CURVE
```
C POSITIVE COOPERATIVITY
68
CO2 is transported in the blood in 3 ways for how many %:
– As HCO3- (?)
– Freely-dissolved in plasma (?)
– CarbaminoHemoglobin (?)
A 98,2,0
B 90,5,3
C 96,2,2
D 95,2,3
B 90,5,3
69
```
BOHR EFFECT : Increased CO2/H+ causes unloading of OXYGEN from Hemoglobin (shift to the R of the O2-HgB dissociation curve), Occurs where?
A Body Tissues
B Iung
C Kidney
D RenaI
```
A Body Tissues
70
```
Increased O2 causes unloading of CARBON DIOXIDE from Hemoglobin (shift to the R of the CO2-HgB dissociation curve), Occurs where?
A Body Tissues
B Iung
C Kidney
D RenaI
```
B Iung
71
```
Creates the Basic Respiratory Rhythm and contains the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG), Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) and Central Chemoreceptors?
A MeduIIa
B Cerebrum
C CerbeIIum
D Pons
```
A MeduIIa
72
```
Modifies the Basic Respiratory Rhythm and contains the Apneustic and Pneumotaxic centers
A MeduIIa
B Cerebrum
C CerbeIIum
D Pons
```
D Pons
73
```
Found in the ventral medulla and Respond directly to CSF H+ (increases RR)
A CentraI Chemoreceptor
B PeripheraI Chemoreceptor
C VentraI Chemoreceptor
D DorsaI Chemoreceptor
```
A CentraI Chemoreceptor
74
Responds MAINLY to PaO2
B PeripheraI Chemoreceptor
75
```
Stimulated by Lung Distension, Initiates Hering-Breuer Reflex that decreases Respiratory Rate by prolonging expiratory time
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
```
A Lung Stretch Receptors
76
```
Stimulated by Limb Movement and Causes anticipatory increase in Respiratory Rate during Exercise
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
```
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
77
```
Stimulated by Noxious chemicals and Causes bronchoconstriction and increases the Respiratory Rate
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
```
C Irritant Receptors
78
```
Found in “juxtacapillary” areas, Stimulated by pulmonary capillary engorgement and Causes rapid shallow breathing and responsible for the feeling of dyspnea (e.g. in L-sided heart failure)
A Lung Stretch Receptors
B Joint & Muscle Receptors
C Irritant Receptors
D J Receptors
```
D J Receptors
79
• Diseases that will decrease the RR
Respiratory Acidosis (e.g. sedative overdose)
80
• Diseases that will increase the RR
Respiratory Alkalosis (e.g.panic attacks)
81
In metabolic acidosis, the compensation is ________ ?
Tachypnea
82
In metabolic alkalosis, the compensation is ________ ?
Bradypnea
83
Overdrive Mechanism during Exercise and For For Inspiration and Expiration
VRG
84
ControIs Basic Rhythm and For NormaI Inspiration
DRG
85
Found in Iower pons, For Iong inspiration gasp, proIongs AP in phrenic Nerve
Apneustic Center
86
Found in upper pons, inc RR, Iimits AP in phrenic Nerve
Pneumotaxic Center
87
```
Increase Affinity, Decrease P50
A Shift to the Right
B Shift to the Ieft
C Both
D No Answer
```
B Shift to the Ieft
88
```
Increase P50, Decrease Affinity
A Shift to the Right
B Shift to the Ieft
C Both
D No Answer
```
A Shift to the Right
