Respiration Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is respiration?
What events make up respiration?
The process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the body cells
Ventilation (breathing)
External respiration (air into the lungs)
Transport of gases
Internal respiration (exchange of gas at capillaries in the body)
Celluar respiration (oxygen use by cells
At what level do oxygen and carbon dioxide occur at?
During cellular respiration, what can carbon dioxide form?
the cellular and molecular levels
carbonic acid
What makes up the upper respiratory tract?
Nose
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx
What makes up the lower respiratory tract?
Larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
What are sinuses?
What are they for?
The are air filled spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones in the skull
Lowers the weight in the skull
resonance
What is external respiration?
any gas exchange in the lungs
In what area of the Upper respiratory tract do air and food meet?
THe pharynx , specifically the oropharynx
What does the respiratory elevator do?
Pulls dust particles away from gravity into the throat which is why we swallow allot
What are the three major areas of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the larynx?
What other structures would you find there?
Enlargement of the airway superior to the trachea and inferior to the pharynx
The thyroid and its cartilage
hyoid bone
cricoid cartilage
What is the trachea?
measurements?
What does it become?
Its the windpipe (2.5 centimeters in diameter and 12.5 in length)
Splits into the left and right primary bronchi
Why is the trachea considered an incomplete ring?
because part of the cartilage ring is formed by smooth muscle
What is the bronchial tree?.
What is the Hillus?
branced airways from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs
The V in between the left and right primary bronchi
What is the order of bronchi from largest to smallest?
Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Intralobular Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveoli
When do we need a microscope to detect the bronchioles?
After the terminal bronchioles
What are respiration tubes?
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
The structure of the bronchus is similar to trachea but uses smooth muscle instead of cartilaginous rings all the way around
In the alveoli
When does the epithelial tissue in the bronchial tubes change? And what does it change to and from?
When you get to the terminal bronchioles it changes from pseudostratified to non-ciliated simple columnar
What systems are responsible for Bronchoconstriction and Bronchodialation?
parasympathetic nervous system and histamine
Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
What are the types of alveoli?
What functions does the second variation have?
Type I - simple squamous
Type 2- Secretes surfactant (detergent like mixture that lowers surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse)
What is surfactant?
A detergent like mixture produced by type 2 alveoli that lowers surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
What removes dust particles and debris from lungs?
Alveolar macrophages
What is the composition of the alveolar capillary membrane?
What is the purpose of the composition?
How many alveoli?
simple squamous epithelium
Allows rapid diffusion of gases
300 million
How many lobes do the lungs have?
Right has 3 and the left has 2
What are the serous membranes surrounding the lung?
What does surfactant have to do with plural fluid?
Visceral pleura
Parietal Pleura
It has a high surface tension, surfactant helps lower it for easier exchange
