Respiration

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 2

Pulmonary diffusion (alveolo-capillary gas exchange)

Answer 2

movement of O2 from alveoli to capillaries and of CO2 from capillaries to alveoli; diffusion is driven by gases partial pressure gradient

Question 3

Bulk Flow

Answer 3

is transport of O2 in the blood from the lungs to tissues and CO2 from the tissues to lungs

Question 4

Tissue Diffusion

Answer 4

movement of O2 from capillaries to cells and of CO2 in the opposite direction, along their respective partial pressure gradients

Question 5

Cellular respiration

Answer 5

metabolic process used to convert biochemical energy into adenosine triphosphate

Question 6

Respiration

Answer 6

process of moving oxygen from atmosphere to the cells and moving CO2 from cells to atmosphere
4 steps: ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, bulk flow and tissue diffusion

Question 7

Secondary functions of respiratory system

Answer 7

1. phonation
2. air filter
3. blood filter -> trap and dissolve blood clots
4. blood reservoir
5. endocrine -> Ang I to Ang II and inactive bradykinin

Question 8

Air conduction:
Pharynx includes

Answer 8

nasopharynx and oropharyx

Question 9

Epigottis prevents

Answer 9

food entry

Question 10

Larynx

Answer 10

sound production

Question 11

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 11

mark the end of conducting zone after the first 16 divisions; there is no gas exchange occurring within these first 16 divisions

Question 12

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 12

contain alveoli and mark the beginning of the respiratory zone

Question 13

Gas Exchange/Respiratory Zone:
Alveoli
Type I cells –>
Type II cells –>

Answer 13

alveolar wall
surfactant

Question 14

Pleurae

Answer 14

serous membranes that surround the lung and line the chest cavity

Question 15

visceral pleurae

Answer 15

adheres to the outer surface of the lungs

Question 16

parietal pleura

Answer 16

lines the thoracic walls and thorcic surface of the diaphragm