respiration

Question 1

what is the final product of glycolysis

Answer 1

pyruvate

Question 2

how many reduced NAD are made in glycolysis

Answer 2

2

Question 3

what time of molecule is NAD+

Answer 3

coenzyme

Question 4

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

where does the link reaction occur

Answer 5

mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

link reaction equation

Answer 6

pyruvate + NAD -> acetate (reduced NAD and CO2) + coenzyme a -> acetyl CoA

Question 7

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur

Answer 7

across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

role of the ETC in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

to provide energy to pump H+ across

Question 9

products of the krebs cycle

Answer 9

1 ATP
3 NADH+
1 FADH+
2 CO2

Question 10

what process is ATP synthase involved in

Answer 10

chemiosmosis

Question 11

describe chemiosmosis

Answer 11

where protons are pumped through the ETC to create a proton gradient, H+ then diffuse down the gradient through ATP synthase a stalked enzyme

Question 12

role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 12

final electron acceptor

Question 13

how much atp is generated from aerobic respiration

Answer 13

38

Question 14

what’s the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration

Answer 14

pyruvate

Question 15

products of anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

lactate and NAD

Question 16

final acceptor in plant anaerobic respiration

Answer 16

ethanal

Question 17

products of plant anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

ethanol and NAD

Question 18

how to adapt a respirometer for anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 18

• measure co2 release
• prevent oxygen entering by covering in oil
• give supply of glucose
• remove soda lime

Question 19

name 3 photosynthetic pigments

Answer 19

chorophyll a, b and carotene

Question 20

what is an accessory pigment

Answer 20

molecule that absorbs light and passes it onto chlorophyll a

Question 21

structure of chlorophyll

Answer 21

hydrophilic ring head with magnesium and hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail

Question 22

what does the absorption spectra show

Answer 22

the amount of light absorbed at different wavelengths by different pigments

Question 23

what does an action spectra show

Answer 23

the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light

Question 24

absorption and action have similar graphs what does this show?

Answer 24

light is trapped by pigments, pigments are needed for photosynthesis

Question 25

where does the light dependent stage occur

Answer 25

thylakoid membrane

Question 26

where does the light independent stage occur

Answer 26

stroma

Question 27

structure of a photo system

Answer 27

funnel shape with chlorophyll as the reaction centre

Question 28

role of membranes in photosynthesis

Answer 28

- have electron carriers for an etc - helps set up an electrochemical gradient for chemiosmosis - have photosystems and atp synthase embedded

Question 29

what is photolysis

Answer 29

splitting of water using light

Question 30

what happens after electrons are excited in photosynthesis?

Answer 30

leave photosystem II, pass down an ETC generating energy to pump h+ across the gradient and enter photosystem I

Question 31

what happens to H+ from photolysis?

Answer 31

reduced NADP

Question 32

what happens to electrons from photolysis

Answer 32

replace lost electrons in photosystem II

Question 33

what do electrons do in non cyclic photophosphorylation

Answer 33

the reduce NADP

Question 34

products of light dependent reaction

Answer 34

ATP and reduced NADP

Question 35

what enzyme catalysed carbon fixation in LIR

Answer 35

rubisco

Question 36

acceptor molecule in the carbon cycle

Answer 36

ribulose biphosphate

Question 37

products of carbon fixation in the calvin cycle

Answer 37

2 glycerate 3 phosphate 3 carbon molecule

Question 38

what do reduced GP form

Answer 38

GALP

Question 39

2 uses of GALP

Answer 39

- regenerate ribulose biphosphate - convert to glucose, amino or fatty acids

Question 40

role of ATP in the calvin cycle

Answer 40

reduce GP

Question 41

role of reduced NADP in calvin cycle

Answer 41

oxidised to provide H+ and electrons for GP reduction

Question 42

why is the LIS not fully independent?

Answer 42

still requires products from the dependent stage

Question 43

fate of pyruvate in aerobic conditions

Answer 43

- transported to matrix - link oxidises to form nadh + h+ - co2 removed - molecule combines with acetyl coa to form coenzyme a

Question 44

role of the krebs cycle

Answer 44

- to oxidise acetyl coa - to release energy - generates atp and allows oxidative phosphorylation to take place - produces nadh and fadh