Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology - S3 Unit 1 - Key area 6 - Respiration > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions which release chemical energy from glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What carries out respiration?

A

All living cells (in the mitochondria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

Factor to be changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

Factor to be measured to judge the effect of the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

Other variables that are controlled (kept the same)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the equation for calculating energy?

A

Energy = (4.2 x M x T)/1000
M = mass of water (1ml of water weighs 1g)
T = temperature increase of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do cells require energy for cellular processes?

A

Our cells require energy for cellular processes such as:
- nerve impulse transmission
- muscle cell contraction
- protein synthesis
- cell division
- active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a high energy molecule which provides energy for cellular processes?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ATP?

A

ATP is a high energy molecule which provides energy for cellular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 2 chemicals is the compound ATP made up of?

A
  • Adenosine
  • Inorganic Phosphate (Pi)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of ATP?

A

When a cell gradually breaks down glucose during respiration, it may not require the energy released immediately. This energy is used to build a molecule of ATP. ATP can then be broken down to release the chemical energy stored within it when it is required by the cell. This will produce ADP plus an inorganic phosphate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A
  • Aerobic respiration (requires oxygen)
  • Fermentation (no oxygen required)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two stages of respiration?

A
  • Glycolysis
  • The aerobic stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the first stage of respiration take place?

A

This stage happens in the cytoplasm of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is oxygen required for glycolysis?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is generated from glycolysis?

A

2ATP are generated in this stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

From glycolysis, what is glucose broken down into?

A

Glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvate molecules + oxygen by glycolosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the second stage of respiration take place?

A

This stage happens in the mitochondria of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is oxygen required for the aerobic stage?

Study These Flashcards
A

Yes, so it is referred to as being the AEROBIC stage

20
Q

What is generated from the aerobic stage?

Study These Flashcards
A

A large yield of ATP (38) are generated in this stage

21
Q

From the aerobic stage, what is pyruvate then broken down into?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pyruvate reacts with oxygen and is broken down into carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

What is made from the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Breakdown of glucose releases energy (2 ADP + Pi -> 2 ATP)

23
Q

What is made from the breakdown of pyruvate (x2) during aerobic respiration?

Study These Flashcards
A

Breakdown of pyruvate releases energy (ADP + Pi -> large yield of ATP (36))

24
Q

What are some examples of parts of the body that contain a large number of mitochondria?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cells that require lots of energy for their function will contain a large number of mitochondria for example :
- muscle (muscle cell contraction)
- nerve (nerve impulse transmission)
- sperm (to swim to the egg)

25
What happens if oxygen is not always available to cells for respiration?
They switch to fermentation pathway
26
What do plant and yeast cells make?
Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
27
What do animal cells make?
Lactate
28
What is the equation for the fermentation pathway in animal cells e.g muscle?
Glucose --> Pyruvate --> Lactate=
29
What happens when you exercise?
Your muscles switch to a fermentation pathway and produce lactate When this product build up in muscles it: - Makes them feel sore - makes them fatigue (tire easily)
30
What is the equation for fermentation in yeast and plant cells?
Glucose --> Pyruvate --> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
31
What would a layer of oil do on top of yeast?
The layer of oil is added to prevent the yeast from reacting with oxygen
32
What would be added to provide a source of chemical energy for the yeast?
Glucose
33
How would you be able to tell if CO2 is given off?
Water can be replaced with lime water. If CO2 is present, the lime water will turn cloudy/milky
34
What could be done to make the yeast respire faster?
Increase the concentration of glucose
35
What could be done to ensure the experiment is done correctly?
The water used to make yeast suspension is boiled to kill off any unwanted microorganisms and to remove oxygen
36
What is made from the breakdown of glucose in fermentation?
Breakdown of glucose releases energy (2 ADP + Pi --> 2 ATP)
37
What is stage 1 of fermentation?
Glycolysis
38
What is stage 2 of fermentation?
Fermentation
39
Where does the first stage of fermentation take place?
This happens in the cytoplasm of the cell
40
Is oxygen required for the first stage of fermentation?
No
41
Where does the second stage of fermentation take place?
This happens in the cytoplasm of the cell
42
Is oxygen required for the second stage of fermentation?
No oxygen required (called anaerobic) - no ATP made
43
What is made from the breakdown of pyruvate in fermentation of an aminal cell?
Lactate - reversible if oxygen is present
44
What is made from the breakdown of pyruvate in fermentation of plant and fungal cells?
Carbon dioxide and ethanol
45
How can the rate of respiration be measured?
Using a respirometer. This measures the rate of oxygen uptake per minute

Biology - S3 Unit 1 - Key area 6 - Respiration (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions