Respiration

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

An enzyme-controlled process in living things that takes place all the time

Question 2

Which systems work together to provide cells with glucose and oxygen for respiration?

Answer 2

Digestive system, lungs, and circulation

Question 3

What do glucose and oxygen react to produce during aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy

Question 4

What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 5

Why is aerobic respiration described as aerobic?

Answer 5

It uses oxygen from the air

Question 6

Is aerobic respiration an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

Answer 6

Exothermic

Question 7

What happens to energy during aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

More energy is transferred when new bonds are formed in the products than is taken in to break the bonds in the reactants

Question 8

What is the overall equation for aerobic respiration in words?

Answer 8

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (energy transferred to the environment)

Question 9

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 9

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (energy transferred to the environment)

Question 10

Where are enzymes made and where do anaerobic respiration reactions occur?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

What does the nucleus hold that is involved in respiration?

Answer 11

Genetic code for enzymes

Question 12

What organelle contains the enzymes for aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

What is the function of the cell membrane in relation to respiration?

Answer 13

Allows gases and water to pass freely into and out of the cell, controls the passage of other molecules

Question 14

What is the significance of the number of mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 14

It shows how active the cell is

Question 15

What are the four main energy needs supplied by respiration?

Answer 15

Build up larger molecules, make muscles contract, maintain constant internal body temperature, and move mineral ions in plants

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Most of the energy from respiration is used for _______.

Answer 16

Synthesis reactions

Question 17

True or False: Energy from respiration is not used to maintain body temperature.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

How does energy from respiration help plants?

Answer 18

Moves mineral ions from the soil into root hair cells and converts nutrients into amino acids

Question 19

What do muscles require to carry out their functions?

Answer 19

Energy from respiration

Muscles are made up of protein fibres that contract when energy is transferred from respiration.

Question 20

What are muscle fibres rich in to carry out aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are essential for transferring the energy needed for muscle contraction.

Question 21

What carbohydrate do muscles store for energy during exercise?

Answer 21

Glycogen

Glycogen can be converted back to glucose to be used during exercise.

Question 22

What happens to muscles when exercise begins?

Answer 22

They contract harder and faster, requiring more glucose and oxygen

Increased contraction leads to greater energy demands.

Question 23

What gas do muscles produce in increased amounts during exercise?

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be removed for muscles to function well.

Question 24

What happens to heart rate during exercise?

Answer 24

It increases

An increased heart rate helps supply more oxygenated blood to exercising muscles.

Question 25

What is the effect of exercise on arteries supplying blood to muscles?

Answer 25

They dilate (widen) ## Footnote This increases the flow of oxygenated blood to the exercising muscles.

Question 26

What happens to breathing rate during exercise?

Answer 26

It increases and becomes deeper ## Footnote This allows more air to enter the lungs and increases oxygen uptake.

Question 27

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and exercise?

Answer 27

Cellular respiration increases to supply energy needed for muscle contraction ## Footnote Increased cellular respiration meets the demands of the muscles.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: Muscles convert _______ stored in them back to glucose for energy.

Answer 28

Glycogen ## Footnote This conversion is crucial for supplying fuel during increased cellular respiration.

Question 29

True or False: Breathing rate decreases during exercise.

Answer 29

False ## Footnote Breathing rate increases to meet the oxygen demands of the body.

Question 30

What is the role of red blood cells during exercise?

Answer 30

They carry oxygen to exercising muscles ## Footnote Increased oxygen transport is vital for aerobic respiration in muscles.

Question 31

What is removed more quickly from the blood in the lungs during exercise?

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide ## Footnote Efficient removal of carbon dioxide is necessary for maintaining muscle function.

Question 32

What happens to muscle cells during hard exercise?

Answer 32

They may become short of oxygen and use anaerobic respiration.

Question 33

Is anaerobic respiration more or less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Answer 33

Less efficient.

Question 34

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

Answer 34

Lactic acid.

Question 35

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

Answer 35

Glucose → lactic acid (energy transferred to the environment).

Question 36

What causes muscle fatigue?

Answer 36

Buildup of lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration.

Question 37

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 37

The amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back to glucose.

Question 38

What is the equation for oxygen debt repayment?

Answer 38

Lactic acid + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.

Question 39

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in plants and some microorganisms?

Answer 39

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 40

What is fermentation?

Answer 40

Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 41

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 41

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (energy transferred to the environment).

Question 42

True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 42

False.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The breakdown of glucose is _______ during anaerobic respiration.

Answer 43

incomplete.

Question 44

What happens to muscle fibers after prolonged use?

Answer 44

They become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.

Question 45

What is the relationship between lactic acid and oxygen debt?

Answer 45

The larger the amount of lactic acid, the bigger the oxygen debt.

Question 46

What processes are involved in the removal of lactic acid from the muscles?

Answer 46

Conversion back to glucose in the liver.

Question 47

What is metabolism?

Answer 47

Sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the body.

Question 48

What is one use of energy from respiration?

Answer 48

Used to heat the environment.

Question 49

What are metabolic reactions?

Answer 49

Reactions that include the conversion of substances and energy transformations.

Question 50

List three common metabolic reactions.

Answer 50

* Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose * Formation of lipid molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules * Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids

Question 51

What is urea and how is it formed?

Answer 51

Breakdown of excess proteins in the liver forms urea for excretion.

Question 52

What is the role of the liver in metabolism?

Answer 52

Detoxifying substances, passing breakdown products into the blood, and breaking down old blood cells.

Question 53

How does the liver handle lactic acid?

Answer 53

Converts lactic acid back to glucose.

Question 54

What happens to glucose after it is converted from lactic acid?

Answer 54

It is broken down in aerobic respiration to form carbon dioxide and water.

Question 55

What is the function of the hepatic vein?

Answer 55

Carries blood from liver to the heart with levels of food adjusted.

Question 56

What does the hepatic artery do?

Answer 56

Brings oxygenated blood to the liver.

Question 57

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 57

Carries blood containing digested food from the intestines to the liver.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The liver detoxifies _______ substances such as ethanol.

Answer 58

[poisonous]

Question 59

True or False: The liver stores iron until it's needed to synthesize more blood cells.

Answer 59

True