Respiration Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the main components of the circulatory system?
The heart and blood vessels.
What type of circulatory system do humans have?
A double circulatory system.
What is the function of the first circuit in the double circulatory system?
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
What is the function of the second circuit in the double circulatory system?
Pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to body cells and back.
What are the names of the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.
What role do the atria play in the heart?
They pump blood into the ventricles.
What role do the ventricles play in the heart?
They pump blood out of the heart.
Why is the heart referred to as a double pump?
Because it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the body.
What is the major operation required for heart failure treatment?
A heart transplant.
What is required after a heart transplant to prevent organ rejection?
Drugs to suppress the immune system.
What type of blood do arteries carry?
Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery).
What type of blood do veins carry?
Deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein).
What is the primary function of capillaries?
Supplies food and oxygen to cells and removes waste products.
How does blood pressure vary in arteries, veins, and capillaries?
Blood at high pressure in arteries, very low pressure in veins, low pressure in capillaries.
What structural features do arteries have?
Thick muscular and elastic walls.
What structural feature do veins possess?
Valves to prevent back flow of blood.
What is the significance of the lumen size in blood vessels?
Large lumen in veins helps blood flow; narrow lumen in capillaries maintains pressure.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria.
What is the main product of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Energy transfer from glucose without oxygen in the cytoplasm.
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Lactic acid.
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen required to remove lactic acid.
What happens during exercise regarding breathing and heart rate?
Breathing rate, volume of breathing, and heart rate increase.
What can cause cells to die due to lack of oxygen?
Carbon monoxide and low temperatures.
