Respiration Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the pharynx?
A muscular tube behind the nose that goes down the neck and behind the larynx. Its lowest part joins the esophagus which connects it to the stomach. It allows air to pass through your windpipe and lungs, and also gets food and drink into your esophagus.
What is the larynx?
It is also called the voice box; it is the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and is also used for breathing, swallowing, and talking.
What is the epiglottis?
A flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx. It is usually upright at rest, allowing air to pass through into the larynx and lungs.
What is the glottis?
A cover for your larynx. The forcing of air from the lungs through the glottis causes the vocal folds to vibrate. This is how your voice works.
What is the trachea?
Also known as the windpipe, it is where air travels through when you breathe in. It goes into your nose or mouth, through the larynx, then into the trachea, then into your bronchi, then into the lungs.
What is the ciliated epithelium?
A thin tissue with hairlike structures on it that is important in propelling mucus up the airway and removing particulate materials. They line the respiratory tract.
What is the submucosa?
The layer of mucus and cillia cells, as well as mucus-producing glands that cover our respiratory tracts to keep them moist.
What supports the trachea?
C-shaped rings of cartilage support the trachea and allow it to move. There is also the trachealis muscle, which allows the trachea to contract, cough, and get rid of secretions. The C shape of the cartilage is what allows this muscle to work.
What are the bronchi?
Two large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs. There is a left and a right one. They branch into the bronchioles.
What are the bronchioles?
A tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs. They carry the air to the alveoli.
What are the alveoli?
Small sacs of air at the tips of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place. Capillaries cover the walls of each alveolus, entering through the pulmonary vein and exiting through the pulmonary artery. Oxygen passes through the alveoli and into the blood.
What is the pleural membrane?
Layers of tissue that protect and cushion the lungs. There is an inner layer that sticks tight to the lungs and an outer layer that lines the chest walls and diaphragm. They are also moist from fluids, and allow the lungs to move against the chest wall when you breathe.
What is the diaphragm?
The muscle that allows you to breathe. It sits under the lungs and is thin and dome-shaped. When you breathe in, it contracts, which flattens it. This enlarges the chest cavity and creates a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs. When you breathe out, it relaxes into its dome shape. and forces air back out of the lungs.
What are the intercostal muscles?
These are the muscles between your ribs which run between the inner and outer surfaces of the ribcage and are responsible for relaxing and contracting your chest when you breathe in or out. The internal ones pull down on the ribcage to push air out of the lungs. The external ones pull the ribs up and out, expanding the thoracic cavity to make you breathe in.
What is external respiration?
This is bringing air into the lungs, inhalation, and releasing air into the atmosphere, exhaling.
What is internal respiration?
The exchange of gases within the internal environment. It occurs within the tissues of the body. The exchange occurs due to simple diffusion, which requires no energy.
What is cellular respiration?
A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP. This ATP will be used as energy to power reactions throughout the body.
What is a spirometer graph?
This text/graph shows the flow of air in your body, measured against the total volume of air exhaled. It measures forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second.
What is ventilation rate?
The number of breaths you take per minute.
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air you move through your lungs when you inhale and exhale when you are at rest. It is the mL of air you breathe.
What are cillia?
These move microbes and debris out of the airways. Scattered throughout them are goblet cells that secrete mucus, which helps protect the lining of the bronchus and trap microorganisms.
What does mucus do in the respiratory system?
There is a mucus membrane lining the respiratory system that secretes this mucus. It traps particles like pollen and smoke to keep them out of your body. The cilia moves this trapped stuff out of the nose.
What is emphysema?
A long-term lung condition that causes shortness of breath. It happens when the alveoli are damaged, causing them to rupture. This creates one large air sac in the place of many small ones, which makes normal gas exchange much more difficult, as there is less surface area for gas exchange.
What is carcinoma?
A cancer that forms in the epithelial tissue. This is the tissue that lines all of your organs, as well as the internal passageways of your body, like your esophagus and your skin. Most cancers affecting your skin, breasts, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, prostate gland, head and neck are carcinomas.
