Respiration Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the major advantage of using ATP as a major energy source?
Enables cells to be given energy immediatly, and in small, managable amounts
What is the name of the process in which ATP is produced via a stalked particle, in both respiration and photosynthesis?
Chemiosmosis
In chemiosmosis, what is formed by the built up of H+ ions on one side of the membrane?
Electrochemical gradient
Where does chemiosomsis occur?
Membranes of the mitochondria/chloroplast
What is the major enzyme used in the stalked particle?
ATP Synthase
Where does glycolysis occur in a cell?
The cytoplasm
What is the net yield of ATP made from glycolysis?
2
What enzyme is used to convert Glucose-6-phosphate into Fructose-1-phosphate?
Isomerase
In what part of glycolysis are 2 ATP and 2 NADred formed
The conversion of 2x Triose phosphate to 2x intermidiate compound
What is the link reaction?
Pyruvate —-> Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADred
What does Decarboxylation mean? And when does it occur during respiration?
The removal of carbon and CO2
Occurs in the link reaction, the break down of citrate to a 5C compound, and the break down of the 5C compund to a 4C compound
What does Dehydrogenation mean? And when does it occur during respiration?
The removal of hydrogen
During the link reaction, the break down of citrate to a 5C compound, the break down of the 5C compund to a 4C compound, and the conversion of a 4C compound to oxaloacetate
What is the reaction for Substrate fixed phosphorylation? And when does it happen?
ADP + P(i) —> ATP
Between the first 4C compound convertion to the next 4C compound
How many molecules of pyruvate is formed from a single molecule of glucose?
2
What is the total net yield of ATP from the kreb cycle for a single moleucle of pyruvate?
1 per pyruvate
Whats happens to the Hydrogen that is removed from the kreb cycle by Dehydrogentation?
Reduces NAD
What happens to the H+ ions that are attatched to NADred?
Are used in chemiosmosis to produce ATP
The electrons from both NADred and FADred, and the 2H+ from FADred combine to form what?
2 molecules of water
True of false : Fats produce less ATP when respired than proteins and carbohydrates
False
Beta oxidation is what?
The convertion of 2 carbons in a fatty acid compound to 1 molecule of Actyl CoA
How is lactate formed in animals?
And what is this process called?
Pyruvate (formed from glycolysis) is converted using 2H from NADred and the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
What is the intermediate and final product of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
And what are the enzymes that are used?
Intermediate : Ethanal (Pyruvate dehydrogenase)
Final : Ethanol (Ethanol dehydrogenase)
What is lost in anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast? And where abouts is it lost (what reaction)?
CO2 (pyruvic acid > ethanal)
