Respiration Flashcards
(20 cards)
What does aerobic mean?
Aerobic means relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen.
State some uses of energy in animals and in plants
1) To build up larger molecules from smaller ones like proteins from amino acids).
2) Warm-blooded animals generate lots of heat to keep their bodies at a constant temperature.
3) Animals use energy to contract muscles throughout the body for movement.
4) in plants, to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are then built up into proteins.
The WORD equation for aerobic respiration is?
What is the SYMBOL equation?
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water ( + energy)
C(6) + 6O(2)-> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O +2830 Joules
State the site of aerobic respiration and be able to give examples of cells that contain a lot of mitochondria.
Respiration takes place inside the mitochondria in every cell, where they have a folded membrane covered in enzymes. More active cells will contain more mitochondria to release more energy for processes such as movement eg. ciliated cells, sperm cells, muscle cells.
What is aerobic respiration?
It is the breaking down of food using oxygen to release energy for the cells.
Describe the test for carbon dioxide.
We can show the presence of carbon dioxide in our expired (breathed out) air, by blowing through a solution of lime water. It should turn cloudy , indicating the presence of CO(2).
Why does heart rate and breathing rate increase during exercise?
During exercise, the muscle cells need to respire more than they do at resting. This means oxygen and glucose must be delivered to them more quickly and waste carbon dioxide must be removed more quickly. This is achieved by increasing your heart rate and breathing rate.
Explain why respiration has to occur continually in plant and animal cells
Respiration has to occur in all living things because it’s how they release energy from their food.
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell.
Explain the conversion between glucose and glycogen in liver and muscle cells
Some glucose from food is stored as glycogen. Glycogen’s mainly stored in the liver but each muscle also had its own store. During vigorous exercise, muscles use glucose rapidly so some of the stored glycogen is converted back to glucose to provide more energy.
Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells.
Glucose -> Lactic acid (+energy)
Explain the effect of lactic acid build up on muscle activity.
Lactic acid builds up in the muscles, which becomes painful and causes muscle fatigue so then the muscles get tired and stop contracting efficiently.
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration does not release nearly as much energy as aerobic respiration but is useful in emergencies.
What is an advantage of anaerobic respiration?
An advantages is that at least you can keep on using your muscles for a while longer.
What does anaerobic respiration mean?
Anaerobic means without oxygen. It’s the incomplete breakdown of glucose, which produces lactic acid.
Define the term oxygen debt.
The extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid.
Oxygen debt.
You have to repay the oxygen that you didn’t get to your muscles in time, because your lungs, heart and blood couldn’t keep up with the demand earlier on.
This means you have to keep breathing hard after you stop, to get more oxygen into your blood. Blood flows through your muscles to remove the lactic acid by oxidise it to CO2 and water.
Respiratory quotient, RQ, is calculated using the formula…
Carbon dioxide produced divided oxygen used
After hard exercise, increased heart rate allows:
After hard exercise, increased heart rate allows lactic acid to be carried away to the liver.
The equation for the breakdown of lactic acid:
Lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
