Respiration Flashcards
(42 cards)
What do the chemical reactions do in aerobic respiration?
1) Use glucose and oxygen
2) release energy
Does aerobic respiration occur in both plants and animals?
Yes
Inside plants, where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?
The mitochondria
Glucose + X = Carbon dioxide + Y (+ energy). What are X and Y?
X = Oxygen Y = Water
What effect does the energy produced by respiration have on molecules?
Builds larger molecules from smaller ones
What effect does energy produced from respiration have on animals?
Enables muscles to contract
What effect does energy produced from respiration have on mammals and birds?
Helps them to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings
What effect does energy produced from respiration have on plants?
Builds up sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids which are then built into proteins
What happens during exercises?
1) the heart race increases
2) the rate and depth of breathing increases
What happens when the blood flow to the muscles increases?
1) increase the supply of sugar and oxygen
2) increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide
What do muscles store glucose as?
Glycogen
What is done to the glycogen in muscles during exercise?
Converted back to glucose so aerobic respiration can occur
If there is insufficient oxygen, which type of respiration occurs?
Anaerobic respiration
In anaerobic respiration, what does the incomplete breakdown of glucose produce?
Lactic acid
Why is there less energy released during anaerobic respiration?
Because there is an incomplete breakdown of glucose
What does anaerobic respiration result in?
Oxygen dept
Why does the oxygen debt in anaerobic respiration have to be repaid?
In order to oxidise lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water
What happens to muscles if they are subjected to longer periods of extreme exercise?
They become fatigued
What is the main cause of muscle fatigue?
Build up of lactic acid
How is lactic acid removed?
By the blood flow through the muscles
What are chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?
Enzymes
What do the chemical reactions do in aerobic respiration?
1) Use glucose and oxygen
2) release energy
Does aerobic respiration occur in both plants and animals?
Yes
Inside plants, where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?
The mitochondria
