Respiration Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is aerobic respiration?
A process that uses oxygen to convert glucose into energy for cell function, allowing growth (mitosis) and repair, movement and other cell reactions.
Where does respiration occur?
Mitochondria.
Aerobic respiration equation.
Reactants and products.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + (energy)
Reactants: Glucose and oxygen.
Products: Carbon dioxide and water.
How much energy is produced by aerobic respiration and what is it referred to?
36-38 ATP.
What are the 2 stages of aerobic respiration?
1: Takes place in cytoplasm, glucose molecules split producing 2 ATP molecules.
2: Takes place in mitochondria, enzymes break down pyruvate to make CO2, H2O and ATP
What is anaerobic respiration?
When oxygen is restricted, anaerobic respiration takes place, it still uses glucose for its fuel and makes energy. There are 2 different form, one in plants, fungi and yeast, the other in animals and humans.
Anaerobic respiration equation in animals.
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 + (energy)
Reactants: glucose.
Products: lactic acid, energy
Anaerobic respiration equation in yeast, fungi and bacteria.
C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + (energy)
Reactants: glucose.
Products: ethanol, carbon dioxide, energy.
Why is the energy produced by anaerobic respiration much less than aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic produces much less because because it is not an efficient use of glucose for ATP.
What is ATP?
ATP is a special energy transfer molecule that that takes up the energy produced by respiration . It is the immediate source of energy for cell activities and its function is to store the energy.
The uses for the energy produced by respiration.
Growth, repair of cells, heart beat or metabolism.
Reproduction and the making of proteins and fats
What reaction do all living things get their energy from?
Respiration.
When a sprinter has just finished running a very face race, what will they have a build up of what in their muscles?
Lactic acid because it is a by product of anaerobic respiration.
What cell in the human body would contain the greatest number of mitochondria?
Cells that need to perform high amounts of work, such as muscle cells in the heart and legs, fat cells and liver cells.
Nerve cells would have less than muscle cells because they do not perform high amounts of work.
Define aerobic.
Aerobic means that oxygen is not required.
State 2 everyday uses of fermentation.
Preparation of wine and other alcoholic beverages, and making bread, specifically dough rising.
Why do you still need energy when you’re resting?
Because your body is still working; digesting food, heart beating, breathing and repairing tissues.
What controls the respiration reaction?
Biological catalysts called enzymes.
Why do we keep breathing deeply after we exercise?
There is an oxygen debt, which is the amount of oxygen needed to oxidise the lactic acid and remove it from the body. The oxygen has been restricted so you keep breathing to convert all the lactic acid into pyruvate.
What happens after vigorous exercise?
Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently. This is due to the lactic acid build up caused by respiration.
What type of other reaction could aerobic respiration be called?
Slow combustion because it is a slow reaction that requires oxygen.
Difference between breathing and respiration?
Respiration releases energy where as breathing lets air in and out of the lungs.
How do animals and plants store glucose?
Animals: glycogen.
Plants: starch.
When exercising, where can you get your energy from?
The muscles store glucose as glycogen, which can then be converted back into glucose to be used for exercise.
