respiration Flashcards
(37 cards)
the trachea is incomplete rings of?
hyaline cartilage
what is the trachea lined with?
pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
how many lobes do cats dogs and horses have?
7 - 4 right and 3 left
the right and left lung are both divided into cranial or apical, middle or cardiac and what?
caudal and diaphragmatic
where is the accessory lobe?
the middle and commonly said to be on the right
lungs are spongy elastic organs made of?
areolor, loose connective tissue
the bronchioles are said to be?
catilaginous
where does gaseous exchange take place?
alveolar sacs
what species are obligate nasal breathers?
horse and rabbit
what supports the dorsal and lateral aspects of the nostril in a horse?
alar cartilages
the alar fold does what?
divides nostril into dorsal and ventral - horse
what is another name for turbinate bones?
conchae
the larynx is comprised of 4 cartilages in a horse, what are they?
epiglottis, 2 arytenoids cartilages, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage
the accessory lobe is attached to what in a horse?
base of the right lung
what are the main functions of respiration?
carry oxygen to body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the body
which muscles are involved in inspiration?
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
which muscles are used in expiration?
internal intercostal muscles
name the 4 muscles involved in respiration?
external intercostal muscles, diaphragm, internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles
where are the respiratory centres located?
hind brain, in the pons and medulla
what do receptors control?
rate and depth or respiration
what are the 3 main sites where chemoreceptors detect partial pressure?
carotid body, aortic body, medulla
what are the 2 nerves that transmit information to the medulla?
vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve
what causes activity of the respiratory centre?
increase of c02 or decrease in p02
what receptors are responsible for preventing over inflation of the lungs?
stretch receptors
