Respiration And Breathing Flashcards
Respiration
The process that releases energy from food
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Aerobic respiration
Needs oxygen to release energy
Anaerobic respiration
Does NOT need oxygen to release energy
How does oxygen get into our cells?
Oxygen is carried by the HAEMOGLOBIN in red blood cells to all other cells of the body
Nose
Inhale through nose, hair and mucus traps dirt, air is warmed
Trachea
The trachea, or windpipe, carries air to and from the lungs. It is made of C-shaped rings of rigid cartilage (to prevent it from collapsing).
Bronchus and bronchioles
We have two bronchi. Each bronchus carries air between the trachea and a lung. The two bronchi subdivide many times to form tiny tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles carry air to and from the air-sacs, or alveoli.
Alveolus
Each lung contains millions of tiny air-sacs called alveoli.
The function of each alveolus is gas exchange:
• Oxygen passes from the air in the alveolus into the blood vessels
• At the same time carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood vessels into each alveolus
• The gases pass in each direction by a process called diffusion.
As an adaptation for diffusion each alveolus has a very thin lining, is moist and is surrounded by many tiny blood vessels called capillaries. For more on diffusion see chapter 13 in
Chemical World.
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that forms the base of the chest. Along with the ribs and intercostal muscles (located between the ribs) the diaphragm causes air to move into or out of the lungs.
breathing rate
The breathing rate is how many breaths a person or animal takes per minute. One breath is one inhalation and one exhalation.
