Respiration and Circulation

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell

Question 2

What kind of reaction is respiration?

Answer 2

It’s exothermic - it transfers energy to the environment

Question 3

What do organisms use the energy from respiration for? (6)

Answer 3

1. Chemical reactions
2. Movement
3. Cell division
4. Nerve impulses
5. Active transport
6. To maintain homeostasis

Question 4

What is the metabolism

Answer 4

The sum of all of the reactions that happen in a cell or body

Question 5

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

Respiration using oxygen, it is the complete breakdown of glucose to release energy

Question 6

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 6

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

Question 7

what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + (energy)

Question 8

aerobic respiration is the most _________ way to transfer energy from glucose

Answer 8

efficient

Question 9

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

Answer 9

In the mitochondria

Question 10

Respiration is a c________ reaction

Answer 10

controlled

Question 11

What are oxygen and glucose?

Answer 11

reactants

Question 12

What are carbon dioxide and water

Answer 12

(by) products

Question 13

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 13

It’s the incomplete breakdown of glucose for energy, without using oxygen.

Question 14

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 14

glucose → lactic acid + (energy) (in animals) or ethanol + carbon dioxide + (energy) (in plants/yeast)

Question 15

What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 15

C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + (energy) (animals) or C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2C02 + (energy) (plants/yeast)

Question 16

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 16

In the cytoplasm

Question 17

What does lactic acid cause?

Answer 17

Muscle fatigue and cramps

Question 18

What is done to rid the body of lactic acid?

Answer 18

it is oxidised to produce carbon dioxide (exhaled out) and water (goes into blood stream) - it is broken down by the liver (can also be converted back to glucose in liver)

Question 19

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 19

the amount of oxygen needed to rid the body of lactic acid build up

Question 20

What is the name for anaerobic respiration that takes place in yeast?

Answer 20

Fermentation

Question 21

Fermentation in champagne?

Answer 21

ethanol produced is the alcohol in champagne + carbon dioxide makes it bubbly

Question 22

Fermentation in bread?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide makes the bread rise

Question 23

Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration (5)

Answer 23

1. Aerobic - uses oxygen and Anaerobic - doesn’t
2. Aerobic - produces CO2 + H20 and Anaerobic produces lactic acid/ ethanol and CO2
3. Aerobic releases more energy
4. Aerobic is more efficient
5. Aerobic takes place in mitochondria and Anaerobic takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 24

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 24

When there is not enough oxygen to do aerobic respiration, for example, during vigorous exercise

Question 25

oxygen debt / oxidation of lactic acid equation

Answer 25

lactic acid + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide

Question 26

Metabolic reactions are controlled by...

Answer 26

enzymes

Question 27

What is the metabolic rate?

Answer 27

The rate at which sum of all reactions in a cell or body takes place

Question 28

Factors that affect metabolic rate

Answer 28

1. Age 2. Amount of activity they do 3. Sex 4. Genetics

Question 29

Examples of metabolic reactions (2)

Answer 29

1. conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose | 2. The breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion

Question 30

What is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used for by the organism?

Answer 30

For the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules

Question 31

Why do you need more energy when you exercise?

Answer 31

You need more energy when you exercise becuase some of your muscles contract more frequently than normal so you need more energy.

Question 32

What does the increased demand in respiration in your cells mean?

Answer 32

It means than your cells need to more oxygen and glucose

Question 33

What is done to get more oxygen into the body to the cells in need, due to the increased demand for respiration due to the need for more energy? - what do these changes also result in?

Answer 33

1. Breathing rate increases 2. Breathing volume increases To get more oxygen into the blood 3. Heart rate increases To get this oxygenated blood and glucose around the body to the cells that need it faster. This also results in the quicker removal of carbon dioxide at the same time

Question 34

When exercise is extremely vigorous, what happens?

Answer 34

The body can't supply enough oxygen to the muscles quickly enough, so they must do anaerobic respiration to get at least some energy.

Question 35

What are the issues with anaerobic respiration?

Answer 35

It causes a build up of lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue and causes the muscles to stop contracting efficiently - the lactic acid must also then be broken down, the amount of oxygen needed to do so is called the oxygen debt

Question 36

How does the oxygen debt affect the pulse and breathing rate after exercise?

Answer 36

While there are still high levels of lactic acid and CO2 in the body, the pulse and breathing rate stay high to break down the lactic acid, and expel CO2 from the body, oxygenating the blood.

Question 37

Exercise and Respiration full paragraph

Answer 37

1. During exercise, your muscles are contracting more frequently, and therefore, they need more energy 2. This need for more energy comes means an increased demand for respiration 3. The increase in respiration in your cells means there is a need for more oxygen and glucose 4. To cope with this demand for more oxygen and glucose, the breathing rate and breathing volume of the body are increased, which means the blood is oxygen (and glucose rich) and then the heart rate of the body increases to get this needed oxygen and glucose to the cells 5. This also causes the removal of CO2 to happen quicker - (and also for any lactic acid present to be broken down quicker?) 6. However, during vigorous exercise, the body can't supply enough oxygen to the muscles to do aerobic respiration, which means the muscles must do anaerobic respiration to get at least some energy 7. This causes a build up of lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue and cramps. 8. The lactic acid must be broken down, which takes place by oxidation to produce CO2 and H2O in the liver 8. The amount of oxygen needed to do so is called the oxygen dept. 9. The heart rate and breathing rate and volume therefore stay high after exercise, while there are still high amounts of CO2 and lactic acid in the blood