respiration and photosynthesis

Question 1

products per kreb cycle + amount per glucose

Answer 1

per glucose 2x kreb cycle
per cycle
-1ATP
-3NADH
-2CO2

Question 2

how are photosynthesis and respiration related

Answer 2

CO2 +H2O are the raw materials for photosynthesis and the products of respiration
O2 & glucose are the raw materials for respiration and the products of photosynthesis

Question 3

describe the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 3

-usually disc shaped
-double membrane
-thylakoids: flattened discs stack to form grana
-intergranular lamellae : tubular extensions attach thylakoids in adjacent grana
-stroma: fluid filled matrix with high enzyme & substrate concentration & own loop of DNA

Question 4

where do the light-dependent & light-independent reactions occur in plants

Answer 4

light dependent: in the thylakoids of chloroplasts
light-independent: stroma of chloroplasts

Question 5

what is the role of photosynthetic pigments name the 2 main groups

Answer 5

embedded within thylakoid membrane. absorb different wavelengths of light to maximise rate of photosynthesis
-primary pigment: chlorophyll ( made of chlorophyll a & chlorophyll b) found in photosystems
-accessory pigments: carotenoids found in light-harvesting systems

Question 6

name the processes in the light-dependent reaction

Answer 6

-photoionisation
-electron transfer chain
-chemiosmosis
non-cyclic only
-reduction of NADP
-photolysis of water

Question 7

explain the role of light in photoionisation

Answer 7

chlorophyll molecules absorb energy from photons of light
-this excites 2 electrons, causing them to be released from the chlorophyll

Question 8

what happens in the electron transfer chain

Answer 8

electrons released from chlorophyll move down a series of carrier proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane & undergo a series of redox reactions, which releases energy

Question 9

how does chemiosmosis produce ATP in the light-dependant stage

Answer 9

some energy released from the ETC is coupled to active transport of H+ ions from stroma into thylakoid space
-H+ ions move dowm concentration gradient from thylakoid space into stroma vio transmembrane channel protein ATP synthase
-ATP synthase catalyses ADP + PI- ATP