Respiration Booklet Book 2 Yr9

Question 1

The respiration word equation

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide +enegry

Question 2

Limewater turns from….to….. in the presence of….. …..

Answer 2

From clear to milky white in the presence of carbon dioxide

Question 3

Hydrogen carbonate Indicator (bicarbonate indicator) which turn from red/orange to…… in presence of carbon dioxide and red/orange too…… when it’s removed

Answer 3

Red/orange to yellow present
Red/orange to purple removed

Question 4

Is it better to breath through your mouth or nose and why?

Answer 4

It’s better to breath through your nose as it’s lined with small hairs to warm the air and filter it removing any bacteria

Question 5

Why are ribs important

Answer 5

They surround the lungs and protect them from damage , they also help your thorax move when breathing out

Question 6

Why is the trachea and bronchioles consist of tubes containing rings of cartilage. What do you think is the function of these rings of cartilage

Answer 6

They hold the trachea and bronchioles open when we breathe in and out. They also filter the air and stop any bacteria from getting into the alveoli

Question 7

Cobalt chloride paper change colour it’s ….. to start and a drop of water it’s now ……… . And what colour change do you observe when you breath on the paper.

Answer 7

It’s blue to start and turns pink with water
When you breath it changes from blue to pink

Question 8

The amount of oxygen when you breath in is…
The amount of oxygen when you breath out is…

Answer 8

21% in
16% out

Question 9

The amount of carbon dioxide when you breath in is…
The amount of carbon dioxide when you breath out is…

Answer 9

0.04% in
4% out of

Question 10

The amount of nitrogen when you breath in is…
The amount of nitrogen when you breath out is…

Answer 10

78% in
78% out of

Question 11

The amount of water Vapor when you breath in is…
The amount of water Vapor when you breath out is…

Answer 11

A little in
A lot out

Question 12

A small object has a ………… surface area to volume ratio. This means that its surface area is ……….. compared to its volume

Answer 12

Large

Question 13

A large object has a ………. Surface area to volume ratio. This means that its surface is ……….. compared to its volume

Answer 13

Small

Question 14

Think about the structure of your lungs. How do they increase the surface area without increasing size very much?

Answer 14

Instead of one large balloon, the lungs are divided up into hundreds of small balloons called alveoli

Question 15

Which gases are exchanged in your lungs

Answer 15

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 16

Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place

Answer 16

Alveoli

Question 17

Describe and explain how your respitory system changes during the process of inhalation

Answer 17

Your diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This increases the volume in your chest cavity and your lungs expand into it . Rib cage upward and outward

Question 18

Describe what happens to the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm as you breath out

Answer 18

Diaphragm relaxes and domes up. Intercostal muscle relaxes and goes down and in.

Question 19

Explain why you breathe out more carbon dioxide than you breath in

Answer 19

Body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide. Our cells use oxygen from inhaled air to release energy and give out carbon dioxide as waste product.

Question 20

Explain why you out as much nitrogen as you breath in

Answer 20

Because it doesn’t get used up in the aerobic respiration. So the amount you inhaled will just be exhaled

Question 21

Do you use all the oxygen you breathe in?

Answer 21

No because 16% of the air we exhale is oxygen so not all is used

Question 22

State 3 features of the alveoli allow gases to pass through the, easily

Answer 22

A lot of surface area , they have lots of vessels of blood called capillaries and have 1 cell thick walls . Which are moist.

Question 23

Name the chemical in cigarette smoke that is addictive

Answer 23

Called nicotine

Question 24

What is respiration

Answer 24

When glucose is “burned” inside our cells, it releases energy. This is process of respiration. Respiration is a chemical reaction, which involves the release of energy from food. It occurs in all living cells.that energy is measured in joules (J).

Question 25

What is the main fuel for our body

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

What are the things used in aerobic respiration and the waste products (use the equation to help you)

Answer 26

The cells use this glucose and oxygen to release energy. Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products.

Question 27

What is the circulatory system

Answer 27

Circulatory system – carries the small soluble food molecules and oxygen to every cell in our body and takes away unwanted waste e.g. carbon dioxide, via the blood.

Question 28

What is the respiratory system

Answer 28

Respiratory System –oxygen is taken into our bodies via the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygen is then absorbed into the blood, travels to the heart and is then pumped around the rest of the body.

Question 29

What does the body need the energy for

Answer 29

• Movement – muscle contraction
• Making new chemicals
• Growth and repair
• Moving substances e.g. plants taking minerals in through their roots
• Nervous impulses
• Temperature regulation – keeping our body at 37oC.

Question 30

What is a way to learn Hydrogen carbonate indicator (bicarbonate indicator) colour change

Answer 30

MY RED LIP = more yellow; red is normal; less is purple

Question 31

Where are the lungs

Answer 31

The lungs are in the upper part of the body (the thorax) and are protected by the rib cage and separated from the lower part of the body (the abdomen) by the muscular diaphragm.

Question 32

Where and what are before we reach the lungs

Answer 32

Air passes into the trachea. At the top of the trachea is the larynx. This contains the vocal cords, which make sound when air passes over them. The trachea has rings of cartilage around it, which keeps it open. The trachea then branches into 2 bronchi. 1 bronchus goes into each lung. There are many branches off these bronchi into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles.

Question 33

What are in the walls of the trachea and bronchi to prevent dust getting in the air we breath

Answer 33

The trachea and bronchi walls are covered in mucus to catch any microbes or dust that may be in the air we inhale. This mucus is moved to the back of the throat by small hair like structures called cilia. We then swallow the mucus and the acid in the stomach kills off any bacteria.

Question 34

Explain what the pleural membranes are and where they are

Answer 34

Each lung is covered by a thin smooth membrane, and another smooth membrane lines the inside of the rib cage. These are called the pleural membranes.

Question 35

Where and what pleural fluid is

Answer 35

Between these two membranes is the pleural cavity, which contains a liquid, called the pleural fluid. This fluid lubricates the inside of the lungs as they inflate and deflate, so that they do not rub against the rib cage too much.

Question 36

What two part can breathing be split into

Answer 36

Ventilation and Gas exchange

Question 37

Explain what ventilation is

Answer 37

Ventilation in humans is the movement of air through the nose or mouth, down the trachea through the bronchi and bronchioles and into the alveoli of the lungs.(getting the air into and out of the lungs)

Question 38

What is gas exchange

Answer 38

Gas exchange is getting the gases to move into or out of the blood. Gas exchange is a two way process – waste gases are removed and oxygen is absorbed

Question 39

What is diffusion

Answer 39

In the lungs gases can diffuse between the air and the blood. This gas exchange depends upon the concentration of each gas in the alveoli of the lungs and the concentration in the blood. The gases always move from where there is more of it (higher concentration) to where there is less (lower concentration) - diffusion.

Question 40

The diffusion depends in the 3 big factors in the alveoli

Answer 40

1. Large surface area
   2.short distanced
   3.diffusion gradient

Question 41

What does the large surface area in the alveoli do

Answer 41

The larger the surface area, the more gas can diffuse. Breathing in deeper lets the air get to more alveoli and so more oxygen can diffuse into the blood.

Question 42

What does the short distance in the alveoli do

Answer 42

The walls of the alveoli and the blood capillaries are very thin and close together so that diffusion can happen very quickly.

Question 43

What does the Diffusion gradient in the alveoli do

Answer 43

Gases move faster when there is a bigger difference in concentrations. Breathing adds the oxygen to the alveoli and the blood stream takes it away.
Alveoli are adapted to carry out gas exchange efficiently
have thin, moist walls so that gases can pass through them.
They are also surrounded by many blood capillaries.
Are very small, only 0.2mm in diameter and give the lungs a spongy texture and an enormous surface area

Question 44

What is Athsma

Answer 44

Asthma develops when the bronchial tubes become swollen or inflamed. The muscles around the tubes contract to make the tubes narrow, or the tubes are partly blocked by mucus. The narrowing of the tubes causes wheezy breathing. This usually happens because of an allergy to dust or chemicals

Question 45

What are asthmatic triggers

Answer 45

These triggers irritate the lining cells of the bronchi, and the body reacts by sending a type of white blood cell to destroy these cells. The lining becomes swollen, and mucus produced by the cells becomes thicker and cannot be removed by the lungs. This mucus starts to block the airways.

Question 46

How do inhalers for asthma work

Answer 46

brown inhaler – the preventer. Has corticosteroids
a blue inhaler– the reliever. Has beta-agonists
The inhalers work by putting a fine spray of chemical around the air tubes inside the lungs – this makes the muscles relax and makes breathing easier.