Respiration & Photosynthesis

Question 0

What is ATP?

Answer 0

It is a molecule that can release energy to make things happen in the body.

Question 1

What is cell respiration?

Answer 1

The controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP.

Question 2

What is it called when ATP is made?

Answer 2

Phosphorylation

Question 3

What is the balanced equation for respiration?

Answer 3

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 -> 6 C O 2 + 6 H 2 O

Question 4

What is the difference between the terms aerobic and anaerobic?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen while anaerobic does not.

Question 5

What is the structure of the mitochondrion?

Answer 5

• Has a double membrane
• Inner membrane has fold to increase surface area called cristae.
• The matrix is the fluid part

Question 6

What are the three stages of respiration and where do they occur?

Answer 6

Respiration occurs in 3 stages: glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. The last two stages only happen in the presence of oxygen (aerobic).

Question 7

What happens in glycolysis? What is produced?

Answer 7

Glucose sugar is split into two parts called pyvurate. A small amount of ATP is made and so,e hydrogen is removed.

Question 8

What happens after glycolysis if conditions remain anaerobic? What is the process called in plants?

Answer 8

• The pyvurate is turned into lactate in animals.
• Ethanol + carbon dioxide in plants and yeast.

This is called fermentation in plants and yeast.

Question 9

What happens in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 9

When oxygen is present pyvurate is stripped of further hydrogen and a small amount of ATP is also made. The carbon chain of the pyvurate is removed as carbon dioxide.

Question 10

What happens in the electron transport chain?

Answer 10

The hydrogen from stage 1 and 2 are passed to a series of electron carriers arranged in a chain. The electrons from the hydrogen are passed along the carriers (like going down steps) and as they do this they give out energy, which is trapped in ATP.

Question 11

What is the energy change in photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Light energy is changed into chemical potential energy.

Question 12

What is the main pigment in the leaf?

Answer 12

Chlorophyll

Question 13

Which wavelengths of light does chlorophyll absorb and use for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Blue and red.

Question 14

What happens in photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll in leaves of plants. Glucose sugar is made from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 15

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 15

6 C O 2 + 6 H 2 O -> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

Question 16

What happens in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Light energy is captured by the pigment chlorophyll. The energy is used to split water and energies electrons. These then give their energy to ADP to make ATP. Oxygen is a waste product of splitting.

Question 17

What do we call the splitting of water molecules and why does this need to happen?

Answer 17

Hydrolysis. The hydrogen will be added to carbon dioxide.

Question 18

What happens in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis?

Answer 18

The hydrogen and ATP from the light-dependent stage are added to carbon dioxide to make glucose sugar.

Question 19

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

• produces more ATP and Hs so photosynthesis goes faster.

- has no effect on photosynthesis because there is not enough CO2 or enzymes are working at capacity.

Question 20

How does CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

• produces more sugar as photosynthesis goes faster.

- has no effect on photosynthesis as there is not enough light to enzymes are working at capacity.

Question 21

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

• makes enzymes work faster with more collisions so photosynthesis goes faster.
• denatures enzymes so photosynthesis slows.
• Up and down.