Respiration (Unit 12) Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is respiration?
Respiration is an energy-conversion process that releases chemical energy stored in organic molecules (food) and converts it into forms of energy that organisms use to stay alive. It occurs in cells, specifically in the mitochondria in eukaryotes.
What is ATP used for in the body?
ATP is used for protein synthesis, cell division and DNA replication, growth, heat production, active transport, muscle contractions, enzymatic reactions, and conduction of nerve impulses.
What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is the process that releases energy in the presence of oxygen, breaking down nutrient molecules like glucose in cells to release energy, producing up to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
How can the rate of aerobic respiration be measured?
The rate of aerobic respiration can be measured by the amount of oxygen consumed, the increase in temperature, or the release of carbon dioxide.
What is a respirometer used for?
A respirometer measures the rate of respiration by observing the movement of a colored liquid, which correlates with the amount of oxygen consumed.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is the process of breaking down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen, producing much less energy than aerobic respiration.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise?
Glucose → Lactic acid + 2 ATP.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + 2 ATP.
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the extra oxygen needed after anaerobic respiration to oxidize and break down lactic acid produced in muscles during vigorous exercise.
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP (38 ATP per glucose), while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less ATP (2 ATP per glucose).
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals?
The end product of anaerobic respiration in animals is lactic acid.
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
The end products of anaerobic respiration in yeast are ethanol and carbon dioxide.
