Respiratory 1 Flashcards
3 types of sputum
clear/mucoid- excessive secretion of brachial glans
Purulent- inflammatory exudate from respiratory tract inf (predominantly bacterial)
bloody- hemoptsus (blood in sputum is red flag)
Wheezing on inspiration/expiration causes
inpiration: proximal part of respiratory tree pathology (narrowing of larynx, trachea, prox bronchi)- MED EMERG
Expiration- distal bronchial narrowing (asthma)
Two types of pleural effusion + causes
Transudate (low pro)- liquid portion of blood is lost, pens thru vessels and collects in cavities. Can occur due to cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, cirrhosis
Exudate (high pro)- high pro (detected in lab investigations), common due to tumors and pleural inflammatory changes)
When will u see finger clubbing
Observed in chronic lung diseases
-carcinoma of the lung, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD
When will you see weight loss
protein catabolic state induced by chronic inflammatory disease (TB or tumors)
CNS pathology that causes impaired ventilation (4)
Intoxications (heroin etc)
Infections (Poliomyelitis etc)
Cerebral space occupying lesion (tumor)
Motor neuron diseases (ALS…)
major causes of respiratory failure
Impaired ventilation
Impaired profusion
Impaired gas exchange
causes of impaired perfusion
Inadeuqate blood perfusion thru the lungs (vascular)
- Pulmonary embolism
- cardiac failure
- hypovolemia (shock)
what causes impaired gas exhange
Inadeuate gas change at the lungs (alveolar)
- Emphysema (less alveoli-> lesss oxygenated blood delivered)
- diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
- Acute inflammation
What is a type 1 respiratory failure and causes
–Hypooxemic acute respiratory failure–
PO2 <60mmHG
hypoxia and a hypocapnia
Pulmonary edema
ARDS
Pneumonia
Lung Parenchymal pathology
What is a type 2 respiratory failure
Hypercapnic acute respiratory failure
pCO2 >45mmHg
Hypoxia sexcondary to hypoventilation
- COPD
- Asthma
- Upper respiratory obstruction
- decrease compliance of chest wall
What is atelectasis
Area of collapsed or non expanded pulmonary parenchyma
- entire lung or lobular collapse
- loss of lung volume
Mech-> Airways and alveli are unable to fill with the air
what is compressive atelectasis and what causes it
condition or lesion external to the lungs
-compresion of lung tissue
causes
- accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity
- -once there is a build up of fluid the pressure will be higher than the lung and it will get compressed
what is obstructive/resorptive atelectasis
obstruction impairs filling of lung parenchyma with air. Air trapped in alveoli resobs into blood, air pressure then decreases and causes collapse
