respiratory 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
where will you always culture bacteria from?
nasopharynx to larynx
gram negative agents of interest - HAP-B
histophilus somni
Haemophilus spp.
Actinobacillus spp.
Pasterella spp.
Bordetella spp.
gram positive agents of interest
beta- hemolytic streptococcus spp.
Trueperella spp.
Rhodococcus equi
Family pasteurellaceae
gram negative
facultative anaerobes
special importance in bovine respiratory disease/ ovine pneumonia
Pasteurella multocida
BRD complex
atrophic rhinitis in swine
snuffles in rabbits
fowl cholera
bite wounds
aspiration pnemonia
NOT carried by humans or horses
BRD
bovine respiratory disease
Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi
small ruminant respiratory disease
haemolytica more primary in BRD
pathogenesis of BRD
animals get stressed heat transport, other or get a viral infection (BHV-1 BVD BRSV PI3)–> this impairs mucociliary clearance–> secondary bacterial infection settles in lungs
pasteurellaceae virulence factors
Capsule: hyaluronic acid, heparin, antiphagocytic, poorly antigenic
LPS
siderophores - iron binding
toxins - leukotoxin (RTX family), PMT
RTX
repeats in toxin - family
repeats of glycine-rich amino acid sequence
secreted by T1SS
binds to leukocytes, activates neutrophils - increases inflammation
PMT
pasteurella multocida toxin
Mannheimia Haemolytica
shipping fever
is a commensal in the upper respiratory tract
if enters lower RT, surface proteins aid in colonization.
bacterial growth causes endotoxin leading to inflammation, PMNs, fluid accumulation
serofibrinous pleuropneumonia
histophilus somnia
BRD complex
DZ in ruminants
Broncho pneumonia
CNS DZ - thrombotic meningoencephalitis
myocarditis and pericarditis
adheres to endothelial cells –> apoptosis –> thrombosis –> tissue necrosis
mycoplasma
M. Bovis: otitis media and polyarthritis. normal inhabitant of URT in cattle, causes coinfections
M. ovipneumoniae - “Movi”
fatal dz in bighorn sheep, domestic sheep are reservoir, contentious issue for sheep industry vs wildlife conservation
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
mycoplasma mycoides
eradicated in wester hemisphere
present as sole agent
diaphragmatic lobe
copious yellow fluid
marbled lung
FAD - foreign animal disease
REPORTABLE
mycloplasma in dogs, cats, and horses
M. canis, M. felis, M. Cynos
unbiquitous mucosal flora (oronasal, conjuctival, urogenital)
avian mycoplasma
M. gallespeticum - sinusitis and tracheitis in chickens and turkeys
M. synoviae - tenosynovitis and arthritis, air sacculitis
important pultry production diseases
Trueperella pyogenes
small gram positive rod
normal URT and UG flora
secondary in chronic BRD
causes abscessation
bordetella (alcaligenaceae)
gram negative coccobacilli
aerobic
motile and flagellated
swine
dogs
poultry
horses
rodents
lagomorphs - bunnies
bordetella bronchiseptica
swine - atrophic rhinitis
dogs - tracheobronchitis and pneumonia
rabbits - rhinotracheitis
bordetella avium
turkey coryza (rhinotracheitis)
bordetella encounter/entry
infected animals are the reservoir
asymptomatic carriers are common and are key to maintaining organism
airborne transmission
fomites
Bordetella virulence factors
pili (fimbriae) - adheres to ciliated resp. epithelia
LPS
siderophores
toxins - adenyl cyclase (RTX)) tracheal cytotoxin, dermonecrotic toxin (DNT)
bordetella pathogenesis
bronchiseptica (Bp) colonizes nasal epithelium of pigs that lack acquired immunity (naive pigs)
DNT positve strains cause a transient regressive form of AR (atrophic rhinitis) in young pigs
infection facilitates nasal colonization by P multocida
PMT produced by P. multocida causes progressive AR when inflammation is present on nasal mucosa
Bp can also cause bronchopneumonia in pigs
