respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
Signs and symptoms bronchiolitis
A
WARD C Wheeze Apnoea Respiratory distress Difficulty feeding, dyspnoea Coryza (with mild fever), crackles
2
Q
What are the signs of respiratory distress
A
Use of accessory muscles Intercostal and subcostal recessions Nasal flaring Head bobbing Tracheal tugging Cyanosis
3
Q
Diagnosis of bronchiolitis
A
Bedside Nasopharyngeal aspirate or throat swab – RSV rapid testing and viral cultures Bloods CBC,WBC,Culture ABG if severe Imaging CXR Hyperinflation Focal atelectasis Air trapping Flattened diaphragm
4
Q
Treatment of bronchiolitis
A
Supportive therapy O2 IV hydration Antibiotics should be withheld unless a secondary bacterial infection NEBULISATIONS WITH: Epinephrine: salbutamol
5
Q
Describe the four stages of lobar pneumonia
A
1) Congestion
> 24h. Vascular congestion, alveolar edema, few neutrophils
2) Red hepatisation
>2-3d RBC,neutrophils, fibrin in alveoli
3) Grey hepatisation
> 4-6d . fibropurulent exudate, destroyed RBC
4) Resolution
>7-10 d. resorption of inflammatory fluids and cellular debris , restoration of the normal structure.Residual inflammation may lead to chronic narrowing of airways and scar tissue (pleural adhesions).
6
Q
Symptoms of staphylococcal pneumonia
A
Cough (typically wet and productive) High fever (> 38.5ºC) Tachypnoea Tachycardia Lethargy Delirium (acute confusion associated with infection)
7
Q
Physical examination in staphylococcal pneumonia
A
Signs of respiratory distress Poor oxygen sats Increased work of breathing crackles dullness to percussion
8
Q
Complications of pneumonia
A
- Pulmonary fibrosis.
- Bronchiectasis
- Lung abscess
- Empyema
- Bacteremia
- ARDS
- Collapse of lung
- Hemoptysis
9
Q
Treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia
A
Macrolides: doxycycline, erythromycin azithromycine 10-14 days for children Shortens duration of symptoms
