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Apex Respiratory > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles tense the vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

(CricoThyroid = cords tense)

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2
Q

Which muscles relax the cords?

A

Thyroarytenoid

ThyroaRytenoid = They Relax

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3
Q

Which muscles ABDUCT the vocal cords?

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid
“PCA”
“Please Come Apart”

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4
Q

Which muscles ADDUCT the cords

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid
“Let’s close the airway”

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5
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the nares and anterior ⅓ of the septum?

A

V1 (ophthalmic)

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6
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the turbinates and septum

A

V2

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7
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the anterior ⅔ of the tongue

A

V3

(Think anterior ⅔, V2-V3 like climbing grades)

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8
Q

The posterior ⅓ of the tongue is innervated by what nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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9
Q

The soft palate is innervated by what nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

The oropharynx is innervated by which nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

The vallecula is innervated by which nerve?

A

The glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

The anterior side of the epiglottis is innervated by which nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal?

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13
Q

The glossopharyngeal innervates these 5 structures

A

Posterior ⅓ of the tongue
Soft palate
Oropharynx
Valeculla
Anterior side of the epiglottis

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14
Q

What are the 2 branches of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve?

A

Internal branch
External branch

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15
Q

Which nerve/branch innervates the posterior side of the epiglottis —> to the level of the vocal cords

A

Internal branch

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16
Q

Which nerve provides motor interaction to the cricothyroid muscle (but no sensory innervation)

A

External branch of SLN

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17
Q

This nerve innervates everything below the cords to the trachea

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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18
Q

Acute bilateral RLN injury affects the airway:

A

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

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19
Q

Does chronic bilateral RLN injury affect the airway?

A

No respiratory distress

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20
Q

Bilateral SLN injury results in

A

Hoarseness

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21
Q

Unilateral SLN injury results in:

A

No respiratory distress

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22
Q

The palatoglossal arch at the anterior tonsilar pillar is the landmark for which airway block?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve block

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23
Q

What are the 3 airway blocks?

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal nerve block
  2. Superior laryngeal nerve block
  3. Transtracheal nerve block
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24
Q

The greater cornu of the hyoid is the landmark for which airway block?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve block

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25
Q

The cricothyroid membrane is the landmark for which airway block?

A

Transtracheal nerve block

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26
Q

Is the epiglottis an unpaired or paired cartilage?

A

Unpaired

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27
Q

Is the thyroid an unpaired or paired cartilage?

A

Unpaired

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28
Q

Is the cricoid cartilage an unpaired or paired cartilage?

A

Unpaired

29
Q

Is the corniculate cartilage an unpaired or paired cartilage?

A

Paired

30
Q

Is the Arytenoid an unpaired or paired cartilage?

A

Paired

31
Q

Is the cuneiform cartilage paired or unpaired?

A

Paired

32
Q

The Larynx extends from:

A

C3-C6

33
Q

Which type of administration will provide the fastest onset of Succinylcholine if IV access is not available?

A

Submental administration

34
Q

What is the only NMB that can be given IM?

A

Rocuronium

35
Q

Which gas law applicable to respiration?

A

Boyle’s law

36
Q

Which muscle increases the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest?

A

External intercostals

37
Q

Is expiration active or passive?

A

Passive (usually)

38
Q

What muscles are involved in active expiration? (4)

A

Abdominis muscles (rectus admoninis and transversus abdominis)
Oblique muscles (external and internal)

*total of 4

39
Q

How many muscles are used in active expiration?

A

4

40
Q

Accessory muscles that aid in inspiration

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalene muscles

41
Q

2 main muscles for inspiration:

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. External intercostals
42
Q

Contraction of inspiratory muscles (reduces/increases) thoracic pressures and (reduces/increases) thoracic volume

A

REDUCES thoracic pressure
INCREASES thoracic volume

43
Q

What is the amount of air in a single breath X the number of breaths per minute?

TV X RR

A

Minute ventilation

44
Q

What measures the fraction of minute ventilation that is available for gas exchange?

A

Alveolar ventilation

45
Q

= (TV - anatomic dead space)XRR

What is this equation for?

A

Alveolar ventilation

46
Q

Is Alveolar ventilation (VA) directly or indirectly proportional to CO2 production?

A

DIRECTLY

47
Q

Is Alveolar Ventilation directly or indirectly proportional to PaCO2?

A

INDIRECTLY

48
Q

What are the 4 types of dead space?

A
  1. Anatomic
  2. Alveolar
  3. Physiologic
  4. Apparatus
49
Q

This dead space is defined as air confined to the conducting airway

A

Anatomic

50
Q

This dead space is defined as alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused

A

Alveolar dead space

51
Q

This dead space is defined as anatomic dead space + alveolar dead space

A

Physiologic dead space

52
Q

This dead space is defined as dead space added by equipment

A

Apparatus dead space

53
Q

How many mL/kg Vital Capacity is required for an effective cough?

A

15 mL/kg

54
Q

What are the 3 zones of the lung (not West’s)

A

Conducting
Transitional
Respiratory

55
Q

If TPP is positive, does the airway stay open or closed?

A

Open

56
Q

Pressure outside of the airway is called

A

Pleural pressure

57
Q

Pressure inside the airway is called

A

Alveolar pressure

58
Q

How much is the normal dead space in a 70 kg adult?

A

2 mL/kg or 150 mL

59
Q

Does atropine increase or decrease anatomic dead space?

A

Increase
*bronchodilator = increases the volume of the conducting zone

60
Q

3 factors that increase Vd/Vt ratio

A

Face mask
Atropine
Neck extension

61
Q

Factors that decrease the ratio of Vd to Vt

A

ETT
LMA
neck flexion

62
Q

Which equation can be used to calculate physiologic dead space?

A

Bohr equation

Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2

63
Q

The best ventilated alveoli are the most

A

Compliant

64
Q

V/Q ratio represents

A

Ventilation to perfusion

65
Q

Normal minute ventilation

A

4 L/min

66
Q

Normal cardiac output

A

5 L/min

67
Q

Normal VQ ratio

A

0.8

68
Q

V/Q mismatch:
When the number is greater that 0.8, this moves toward

A

dead space

69
Q

V/Q mismatch:
When the number is smaller than 0.8, this moves toward

A

Shunt

Apex Respiratory (1 decks)

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