Respiratory

Question 1

What are the cats core vaccines

Answer 1

FHV
FCV
FPV/ F. Infectious enteritis/ F. Panleukopaenia virus

Question 2

What are supportive treatments for cat flu

Answer 2

Fluids
Nutritional
Eye lube for sore eyes
Metacam
Antibiotics
Appetite stimulant

Question 3

What could cause FHV to reoccur

Answer 3

Stress, this is why once diagnosed we should aim to control stress

Question 4

How can we lower the cat flu strains transmission

Answer 4

Hygiene
In shelters keep barriers between animals
Ensure good ventilation

Question 5

What diagnostics are we going to do for cat flu

Answer 5

Clinical exam
History
Oral swabs
Ocular swabs

Question 6

What cat flu strain will present with tongue ulcers

Answer 6

Feline Calicivirus

Question 7

Name some flu signs

Answer 7

Nasal discharge
Sneezing
Ocular discharge
Rubbing nose

Question 8

What transmission occurs in FHV and chlamydia felis

Answer 8

Close contact

Question 9

What transmission occurs in F. Calicivirus

Answer 9

Environmental spread
Fomite

Question 10

What are the clinical signs of chlamydia felis

Answer 10

Swollen eyes
Flu signs

Question 11

What sort of infection is chlamydia felis

Answer 11

Intracellular bacteria-like organism

Question 12

How would you treat chlamydia felis

Answer 12

Doxycycline (targets intracellular bacteria)

Question 13

Why would we not treat all flus with antibiotics

Answer 13

Some are caused by virus’

Question 14

What is a typical sign of cyanosis

Answer 14

Blue tongue (unless a chow chow)

Question 15

What is the pathophysiology of cyanosis

Answer 15

Hypoxaemia

Question 16

What can we immediately do for cyanosis cases

Answer 16

Provide oxygen
Check for an obstruction
Place them in sterna’s recumbency

Question 17

What is the pleura

Answer 17

It is the membrane that covers the lungs

Question 18

Is pleural space disease usually bilateral or unilateral

Answer 18

Bilateral

Question 19

What is the mediastinum

Answer 19

The space between the two lungs

Question 20

What is pleural effusion

Answer 20

Fluid in the pleural space

Question 21

What is pneumothorax

Answer 21

Air in the pleural space

Question 22

What is pyothorax

Answer 22

Inflammatory fluid / pus in the chest cavity

Question 23

What are the 5 areas of the lungs we can localise to?

Answer 23

Alveoli
Interstitium
Airways
Blood vessels
Other processes

Question 24

Why can pleural space disease lead to a collapsed lungs

Answer 24

This is due to a loss of negative pressure in the thoracic cavity

Question 25

Name some clinical signs of pleural disease

Answer 25

Increased resp rate Increased resp effort Open mouth breathing (cats) Cyanosis Restrictive breathing patterns (short pants)

Question 26

What intercostal spaces do you carry out thoracocentesis

Answer 26

ICS 6-8

Question 27

Why is thoracocentesis contraindicated in haemorrhage?

Answer 27

Removes blood from the central circulation It leaves a space for more blood to refill once the initial blood is removed

Question 28

Cause of low protein transudate

Answer 28

Decreased oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminaemia

Question 29

Cause of modified transudate (high protein transudate)

Answer 29

High hydrostatic pressure (Often secondary to CHF)

Question 30

Describe how to carry out a bronchoalveolar lavage

Answer 30

Put tube down the trachea, flush with some saline and then aspirate the saline. The contents can then be analysed

Question 31

Clinical examination signs that point towards alveolar disease

Answer 31

Cyanosis Crackles

Question 32

What is aspiration pneumonia

Answer 32

The inhalation of a foreign body into the lower airway

Question 33

What determines the prognosis of an aspiration pneumonia

Answer 33

What what aspirated

Question 34

Signs of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 34

Cough Reduced lung sounds Tachypnoea Radiograph - alveolar pattern

Question 35

What antibiotic properties are important for treating respiratory tract disease

Answer 35

High concentration Based off a culture and sensitivity Lipophillic to dissolve the blood-bronchus barrier Bactericidal

Question 36

What is an anti-tussive

Answer 36

cough suppressent

Question 37

why do we not want to suppress coughing

Answer 37

coughing is a natural protective process

Question 38

what is A. vasorum

Answer 38

A nemotode found in the pulmonary artery

Question 39

what are some clinical signs of A. vasorum

Answer 39

Breathlessness, coughing, neurological signs

Question 40

What would the signs be for an infestation of A. vasorum

Answer 40

Ex. intolerance Chronic cough Syncope (fainting) dyspnoea Tachypnoea Depression Ataxia

Question 41

How would we diagnose A. vasorum

Answer 41

Finding L1 in a faecal sample Finding L1 in a BAL sample Radiography may show alveolar infiltrates

Question 42

how would we treat a. vasorum

Answer 42

bronchodilators Corticosteroids Supportive treatment (oxygen) Ivermectin

Question 43

what tissues are associated with the pulmonary perencymal

Answer 43

Alveoli Interstitium

Question 44

What is a main breed dispostion for Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 44

WHWT, and most terrier breeds

Question 45

What will we find on clinical exam for IPF (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis)

Answer 45

Crackles in the lung field Longer expiratory phase Increase expiratory effort

Question 46

What will a radiogrpah of IPF show

Answer 46

Interstitial lung pattern (mist) Cardiomegaly

Question 47

How do we diagnose IPF

Answer 47

Thoracic radiograph Clinical signs CT Bronchoscopy (BAL to rule out other causes)

Question 48

Treatment for IPF (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis)

Answer 48

Symptomatic - Avoid collars and smoke inhalation Therapeutic - Bronchodilators, corticosteroids

Question 49

What are some treatment options for Metastatic disease in the lungs

Answer 49

Surgical removal Chemotherapy

Question 50

If we find mets on the lungs what should we do?

Answer 50

Radiograph the patient to see if there are mets elsewhere in the body

Question 51

What are some typical signs of respiratory disease

Answer 51

change in respiration (effort, rate, sound) Coughing Sneezing / nasal discharge Cyanosis

Question 52

What is infectious tracheo-bronchitis

Answer 52

An infectious disease of the URT

Question 53

What can cause tracheo-bronchitis?

Answer 53

Canine adenovirus-2 Canine parainfluenza Bordatella bronchiseptica

Question 54

Name two medications that are anti-tussives

Answer 54

Butorphanol Codeine

Question 55

where do we find cough receptors

Answer 55

Above the broncus bifercation