Respiratory

Question 1

Haemophilus/Glasserella parasuis
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
pathogenesis
clinical signs

Answer 1

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
weaner pigs
produce cytochrome oxidase & associated with weaning transport/stress
Glasser’s Disease (CNS, resp, joint) - polyserositis/arthritis, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia

Question 2

diagnostics for Glasserella parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Answer 2

culture - growth factors X (hemin) & Y (NAD) in chocolate agar or adjacent to nurse streaks

Question 3

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP)
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
clinical signs

Answer 3

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
weaners, growers, finishers (swine)
APX toxins
fibrinous pleuropneumonia - #1 resp dz in swine

Question 4

Actinobacillus suis
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
clinical signs

Answer 4

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
weaners/growers (swine)
broncho/interstitial pneumonia may spread to joints

Question 5

Actinobacillus equuli
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
clinical signs

Answer 5

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
foals
broncho/interstitial pneumonia, may spread to joints, CNS “sleepy foal disease”

Question 6

Actinobacillus lignieresii
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
pathogenesis
clinical signs

Answer 6

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
cattle
associated with sharp feed, sulfur granules in lesions
“wooden tongue” due to abscesses & granulomas

Question 7

Pasturella multocida
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
pathogenesis
clinical signs

Answer 7

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
many species but not horses, humans
capsule, LPS, siderophores, leukotoxins, PMT, RTX, T1SS
associated with B. bronchiseptica
BRDC in cows
atrophic rhinitis in swine
snuffles in rabbits
cholera in fowl
bite wound/aspiration pneumonia in dogs/cats

Question 8

Mannheimia haemolytica
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
clinical signs

Answer 8

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
cattle, small ruminants
capsule, LPS, siderophores, leukotoxins, PMT, RTX, T1SS
predominant pathogen in BRDC

Question 9

Bibersteinia trehalosi
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
clinical signs

Answer 9

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
cattle, small ruminants
capsule, LPS, siderophores, leukotoxins, PMT, RTX, T1SS
BRDC

Question 10

Histophilus somni
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
pathogenesis
clinical signs

Answer 10

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
ruminants
adheres to endothelial cells –> necrosis
BRDC & CNS disease

Question 11

bacteria apart of the BRDC

Answer 11

Pasturella multocida
Mannheimia haemolytica
Bibersteinia trehalosi
Mycoplasma bovis
Histophilus somni
Trueperella pyogenes

PROTECT MY BIG MILK HEIFER TINA

Question 12

Bordetella bronchiseptica
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
transmission
clinical signs

Answer 12

gram - coccobacilli
aerobe
many animals
pilli/fimbriae, LPS, siderophores, adenyl cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, DNT
airborne/fomites
atrophic rhinitis or bronchopneumonia in swine
tracheobronchitis/pneumonia in dogs
snuffles in rabbits

Question 13

Bordetella avium
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
clinical signs

Answer 13

gram - coccobacilli
aerobe
birds
Turkey Coryza (rhinotracheitis)

Question 14

most important respiratory disease in swine

Answer 14

A. pleuropneumonia

Question 15

diagnostics for MHAP-B bacteria

Answer 15

aerobic cultures
poor growth on MacConkey agar
NO nasal cultures unless equine

Question 16

treatments for BRDC

Answer 16

ML vx for P. multocida
toxoid vx for M. haemolytica
bacterin vx for H. somnii
abx - ceftiofur, macrolides, florfenicol

Question 17

what bacteria is commonly associated with Pasturella spp. chronic infections

Answer 17

Truperella spp.

Question 18

predominant pathogen of BRDC

Answer 18

Mannheimia haemolytica

Question 19

treatments for Bordetella spp.
vx in dogs?
vx in cats?
severe cases require what abx?

Answer 19

dogs - B. bronchiseptica ML & killed vx
cats - B. bronchiseptica not recommended
severe cases - doxy, amoxicillin-clavulanate

Question 20

main treatments/control for resp diseases

Answer 20

1. abx & systemic adjunctive therapy (treatment & metaphylaxis)
2. biosecurity & control
3. vaccines

Question 21

swine respiratory diseases management

Answer 21

all in/all out
closed herds
underlying disease
vaccines for A. pleuropneumoniae, M. hypopneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida

Question 22

equine resp disease management

Answer 22

isolation & disinfection
drain abscesses, flush guttural pouch
Abx - penicillin, ceftiofur, TMS
surveillance w/ PCR
ML vx

Question 23

canine/feline tracheitis & URD management

Answer 23

vaccines (B.bronchiseptica in dogs)
most cases mild - no Abx
severe cases - doxy, amoxicillin-clavulanate
biosecurity

Question 24

describe B. bronchisepticas pathogenesis in regard to DNT & PMT toxins specifically in swine

Answer 24

1. colonizes nasal epithelium in naive pigs
2. DNT + results in regressive atrophic rhinitis
3. DNT + or - allows colonization by P. multocida
4. PMT results in progressive atrophic rhinitis

Question 25

regressive atrophic rhinitis

Answer 25

DNT + inhibits osteoblasts

Question 26

progressive atrophic rhinitis

Answer 26

DNT + or - & PMT + stimulates osteoclasts

Question 27

Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus group? gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe virulence factors pathogenesis species clinical signs

Answer 27

"strepzoo" Group C gram + cocci facultative anaerobe MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins beta-hemolytic horses - pleuropneumonia foals - bacteria/sepsis dogs - hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia non-contagious

Question 28

Streptococcus equi equi group? gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe virulence factors pathogenesis species clinical signs

Answer 28

group C gram + cocci facultative anaerobe MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins beta-hemolytic horses Strangles, Bastard Strangles, guttural pouch empyema, type III hypersensitivity contagious

Question 29

Streptococcus canis group? gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe virulence factors pathogenesis species clinical signs

Answer 29

group G gram + cocci facultative anaerobe MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins beta-hemolytic dogs, cats aspiration pneumonia, keratitis, necrotizing fasciitis (similar to GAS in humans)

Question 30

Streptococcus porcinus group? gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe virulence factors pathogenesis species clinical signs

Answer 30

group E gram + cocci facultative anaerobe MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins beta-hemolytic swine analogous to strangles, incidental finding

Question 31

Streptococcus suis gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe virulence factors pathogenesis species clinical signs

Answer 31

gram + cocci facultative anaerobe MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysin **alpha-hemolytic** weaners/growers bronchopneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, abscess

Question 32

Streptococcus agalactiae & dysgalactiae group? gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe virulence factors pathogenesis species clinical signs

Answer 32

S. agalactiae group B S. dysgalactiae group C gram + cocci facultative anaerobe MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysin beta-hemolytic cattle mastitis

Question 33

what is the one alpha-hemolytic streptococcus to be aware up

Answer 33

S. suis

Question 34

Trueperella spp. gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe pathogenesis clinical signs

Answer 34

gram + rod "T IN RECTL" facultative anaerobe secondary invader in BRDC, accompanies Pasteurellaceae family & Mycoplasma BRDC

Question 35

Rhodococcus spp. gram - or + aerobe or anaerobe intracellular? virulence factors pathogenesis transmission species clinical signs diagnostics

Answer 35

gram + coccobacilli "R in RECTL" obligate aerobe intracellular vapA, lipoarabinomannan, cell wall lipids soil, dust, amplifies in environment ingestion/inhalation major disease in <6mo foals pyogranulomatous inflammation/pneumonia acid fast

Question 36

Mycoplasma bovis co-infects w/ species clinical signs

Answer 36

co-infection with M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, & B. trehalosi cattle/calves BRDC, otitis media, polyarthritis

Question 37

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae host: reservoir host: clinical signs

Answer 37

host: bighorn sheep reservoir: domestic sheep severe, fatal

Question 38

Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides species clincial signs

Answer 38

cattle contagious bovine pleuropneumonia - diaphragmatic lobe involved - copious yellow fluid and marbled lung

Question 39

Mycoplasma canis, M. cynos, M. felis species clinical signs

Answer 39

dogs, cats, horses respiratory disease

Question 40

Mycoplasma gallisepticum species clinical signs

Answer 40

chickens, turkeys sinusitis, tracheitis

Question 41

Mycoplasma synoviae species clinical signs

Answer 41

poultry tenosynovitis, arthritis, airsacculitis

Question 42

Mycoplasma hyorhinis & M. hyosyoviae species clinical signs

Answer 42

10 wk (weaner) pigs respiratory disease -- indistinguishable from Glasser's Disease; polyserositis/polyarthritis

Question 43

diagnostics for Mycoplasma

Answer 43

PCR and serology difficult to culture - "fried egg" appearance on semisolid media hemoplasmas

Question 44

most common lower resp infection in dogs, cats and horses is caused by what bacteria resulting in aspiration pneumonia and opportunistic bronchopneumonia

Answer 44

POLYMICROBIAL: Enterobacterales (E.coli & Klebsiella) Streptococcus Staphylococcus Pseudomonas spp. Pasturella spp.