Respiratory

Question 1

Drug x blocks histamine H1-receptors in nasal mucosa and other tissues; prevents allergic reactions; does not block muscarinic receptors or cause significant sedation.

Diphenhydramine
Loratadine
Hydroxyzine
Cyproheptadine

Answer 1

Loratadine

All others are sedating antihistamines

Question 2

Drug x blocks histamine H1-receptors on effector cells of the GI tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract; a sedating antihistamines with antimuscarinic and significant sedative properties. It also possesses skeletal muscle relaxing, bronchodilator, antiemetic and analgesic properties.

Diphenhydramine
Loratadine
Hydroxyzine
Dextromethorphan

Answer 2

Hydroxyzine

Question 3

Drug blocks H1 receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine (Ach) receptors; prevents histamine-induced allergic reactions; prevents vestibular stimulation of vomiting center; causes sedation

Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine
Dextromethorphan
Loratadine

Answer 3

Diphenhydramine

Question 4

Drug inhibits cytokine production by T-helper cells; prevents mediator release from mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Stabilizes lysosomal membranes; causes vasoconstriction and decreases capillary permeability.

Salbutamol
Dextromethorphan
Fluticasone
Loratadine

Answer 4

Fluticasone

Question 5

Direct-acting sympathomimetic with beta-adrenergic activity and selective action on Beta2 receptors, producing bronchodilation effects by relaxing the smooth muscles in the bronchioles. It also decreases uterine contractility.

Fluticasone
Tiotropium bromide
Salbutamol
Dextromorphan

Answer 5

Salbutamol

Question 6

Drug (an active principle of the adrenal medulla), is a direct-acting sympathomimetic. It stimulates alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of the bronchial tree, cardiac stimulation and dilation of skeletal muscle vasculature. It is frequently added to local anesthetics to retard diffusion and limit absorption, to prolong the duration of effect and to lessen the danger of toxicity.

Salbutamol
Epinephrine/adrenalin
Guaifenesin
Tiotropium bromide

Answer 6

Epinephrine/adrenalin

Question 7

Drug x is a sympathomimetic with mainly direct effects on alpha-adrenergic receptors and weak beta-adrenergic activity. It causes vasoconstriction of the arterioles of the nasal mucosa and conjunctiva; activates the dilator muscle of the pupil to cause contraction; produces vasoconstriction of arterioles in the body and produces systemic arterial vasoconstriction.

Phenylephrine
Tiotropium bromide
Dextromorphan
Montelukast

Answer 7

Phenylephrine

Question 8

Drug x is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist that blocks effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airways.

Dextromorphan
Montelukast
Guaifenesin
Tiotropium bromide

Answer 8

Montelukast

Question 9

Drug x is a long-acting quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic. It is a nonselective competitive antagonist of muscarinic (M1-M5) receptors and causes bronchodilation by inhibiting the actions of acetylcholine and other cholinergic stimuli at the receptors in the smooth muscle of the respiratory tract.

Guaifenesin
Tiotropium bromide
Montelukast
Phenylephrine

Answer 9

Tiotropium bromide

Question 10

Drug x is a derivative of levorphanol. It is an antitussive agent, and has central action on the cough center in the medulla.

Fluticasone
Salbutamol
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine

Answer 10

Dextromethorphan

Question 11

Drug x increases the volume and reduces the viscosity of tenacious sputum and is used as an expectorant for productive cough.

Dextromethorphan
Guaifenesin
Phenylephrine
Salbutamol

Answer 11

Guaifenesin

Question 12

Clinical use: seasonal allergies; chronic idiopathic urticaria

Diphenhydramine
Loratadine
Dexamethorphan
Fluticasone

Answer 12

Loratadine

Question 13

Clinical use:
Allergy - symptomatic relief of allergic rxns, eg allergic rhinitis, acute urticarial, but NOT effective against asthma
Motion sickness - used prophylactically
Cough
Insomnia

Fluticasone
Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine
Salbutamol

Answer 13

Diphenhydramine

Question 14

Clinical use: short term management of anxiety; pruritus; chronic urticaria; preoperative sedation, allergies

Loratadine
Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine
Fluticasone

Answer 14

Hydroxyzine

Question 15

Clinical use: prevention of allergies rhinitis, chronic nasal inflammation and asthma.
Inhaled- prophylactic of asthma; not indicated for relief of acute bronchospasm; eosinophilic esophagitis
Topically - corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses

Salbutamol
Fluticasone
Diphenhydramine
Dextromethorphan

Answer 15

Fluticasone

Question 16

Clinical use: acute bronchospasm (allergen asthma or exercise-induced), as well as COPD.

Epinephrine
Hydroxyzine
Salbutamol
Fluticasone

Answer 16

Salbutamol

Question 17

Clinical use:
Inhalation: acute asthma
IV or intramuscular: anaphylactic shock
Eye drops: ocular hypertension, open-angle glaucoma

Epinephrine
Detromethorphan
Guaifenesin
Fluticasone

Answer 17

Epinephrine

Question 18

Clinical use: typically for nasal congestion as a nasal spray, mydriasis if used as an eye dropper

Epinephrine
Phenylephrine
Salbutamol
Fluticasone

Answer 18

Phenylephrine

Question 19

Clinical use: long-term control and maintenance treatment for prevention of bronchospasm and airway inflammation associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Montelukast
Tiotropium bromide
Salbutamol
Phenylephrine

Answer 19

Tiotropium bromide

Administered by HandiHaler DPI in two inhalations (to ensure drug delivery of the entire contents of the capsule) once daily. Therapeutic effects begin about 30 minutes, peaks in 3 hours and persists for about 24 hours.

Question 20

Clinical use: prophylaxis and maintenance treatment of persistent asthma; prophylaxis of exercise-induced asthma; allergic rhinitis

Dextromethorphan
Tiotropium bromide
Montelukast
Guaifenesin

Answer 20

Montelukast

Question 21

Clinical use: cough suppressant
(An antitussive)

Dextromethorphan
Guaifenesin
Phenylephrine
Fluticasone

Answer 21

Dextromethorphan

Question 22

Clinical use: cough
(an expectorant)

Montelukast
Dextromethorphan
Guaifenesin
Fluticasone

Answer 22

Guaifenesin

Question 23

Adverse effects: headache (most common AE); fatigue, giddiness, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, somnolence

Loratadine
Diphenhydramine
Fluticasone
Montelukast

Answer 23

Loratadine

Question 24

Adverse effects: drowsiness; blurred vision; dry mouth; urinary retention; anorexia

Hydroxyzine
Loratadine
Diphenhydramine
Salbutamol

Answer 24

Diphenhydramine

Question 25

Adverse effects: CNS depression, paradoxical CNS stimulation, dry mouth, thickened respiratory secretions, constipation, blurring of vision, tachycardia, GI disturbances, headache, hypotension and tinnitus Dextromethorphan Hydroxyzine Diphenhydramine Fluticasone

Answer 25

Hydroxyzine

Question 26

Adverse effects: nasal and throat irritation are the most common AEs. Oropharyngeal candidiasis. Topically: pruritus, hypertrichosis (excess hair growth), dryness, numbness of fingers, burning, eruptions, hypopigmentation, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infection, skin atrophy and Cushing's syndrome Salbutamol Hydroxyzine Fluticasone Epinephrine

Answer 26

Fluticasone

Question 27

Adverse effects: most common is fine skeletal muscle tremor esp. the hands, nervousness, nausea, headache, restlessness. Toxic effects would be palpitations, tachycardia and chest pain Salbutamol Epinephrine Fluticasone Montekulast

Answer 27

Salbutamol

Question 28

Adverse effects: CNS effects; GI disturbances; epigastric pain; CV disorders; difficulty in micturition with urinary retention; dyspnea; hyperglycemia; sweating; hypersalivation; weakness, tremors; coldness of extremities; hypokalemia. Gangrene, tissue necrosis and sloughing (extravasation) when used in addition to local anesthetics. Eye drops: severe smarting, blurred vision, photophobia; naso-lachrymal ducts obstruction. Edema, hyperemia and inflammation of the eyes with repeated administration. Phenylephrine Tiotropium bromide Epinephrine Montelukast

Answer 28

Epinephrine

Question 29

Adverse effects: anxiety, reflex bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmias, headache, cold extremities/gangrene, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness, fear, restlessness, insomnia, confusion, irritability, psychotic states, dyspnea, anorexia, palpitations, extravasations causing tissue necrosis and sloughing, mydriasis, difficulty in micturition and urinary retention, increased salivation, hyperglycemia, lactic acidosis. Ophthalmic solutions may liberate pigment granules from the iris, corneal clouding/damage. Montelukast Phenylephrine Hydroxyzine Guaifenesin

Answer 29

Phenylephrine

Question 30

Adverse effects: throat irritation and dry mouth are the most common frequent AEs. Other include: constipation, cough, tachycardia, urinary retention, UTI, hypersensitivity reactions, pupil dilation, blurred vision, myalgia, dyspepsia, rash. Pharyngitis, rhinitis and epistaxis reported with the use of inhalation powder. Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin Phenylephrine Tiotropium bromide

Answer 30

Tiotropium bromide

Question 31

Adverse effects: headache is most common. Others: hepatic eosinophilic infiltration(rare), dizziness, rash, dyspepsia, cough, flu-like symptoms, anaphylaxis, angioedema, cough, insomnia. Guaifenesin Montelukast Dextromorphin Fluticasone

Answer 31

Montelukast

Question 32

Adverse effects: dizziness, GI disturbances, hallucinations, fever, hypertension and shallow breathing. Drug x can cause psychological dependence and withdrawal w/ recreational use (drugs acts like an SRI when taken over long period of time causing sxs similar to antidepressant discontinuation syndrome). Less addictive than codeine. Guaifenesin Montelukast Fluticasone Dextromethorphan

Answer 32

Dextromethorphan

Question 33

Adverse effects: GI discomfort, nausea, and vomiting Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan Fluticasone Salbutamol

Answer 33

Guaifenesin

Question 34

Interactions: additive effects with CNS depressants Salbutamol Loratadine Hydroxyzine Dextromethorphan

Answer 34

Loratadine

Question 35

Interactions: additive effects with CNS depressants, including alcohol; additive anticholinergic effects with TCAs. Antagonizes therapeutic effects of cholinergic agents, e.g. Donezepil and neuroleptics. Valerian, St. John's wort, kava kava and gotu kola may increase CNS depression. Hydroxyzine Fluticasone Diphenhydramine Montelukast

Answer 35

Diphenhydramine

Question 36

Interactions: additive CNS depression when taken with antidepressants, antihistamines, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, other CNS depressants. Hydroxyzine Fluticasone Montelukast Dexamethorphan

Answer 36

Hydroxyzine

Question 37

No interactions as usual doses Montelukast Diphenhydramine Fluticasone Epinephrine

Answer 37

Fluticasone

Question 38

Interactions: use with MAO inhibitors can cause hypertensive crisis; additive effects of other adrenergic agents and CNS stimulants (caffeine, pseudoepinephrine). Increases absorption of sulfamethoxazole when used together. Reduces serum levels of digoxin. Salbutamol Epinephrine Fluticasone Montelukast

Answer 38

Salbutamol

Question 39

Interactions: halogenated inhalation anesthetics; beta or alpha blocking agents; methyldopa, guanethidine; drugs with vasoconstrictor and pressor effects; antihypertensives; adrenergic neuron blockers; potassium-depleting drugs; cardiac glycosides; ephedra, yohimbe. TCAs may induce hypertension and arrhythmia. Epinephrine Montelukast Fluticasone Diphenhydramine

Answer 39

Epinephrine

Question 40

Interactions: may increase hypertensive effect of beta-blockers (nonselective); MAOI potentiate hypertension Tiotropium bromide Phenylephrine Dextromethorphan Fluticasone

Answer 40

Phenylephrine

Question 41

No significant interactions. Tiotropium bromide Tiotropium bromide & Montelukast Tiotropium bromide & Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan

Answer 41

Tiotropium bromide

Question 42

Interactions: metabolism may be increased with phenobarbital, phenytoin. Peripheral edema may occur with Prednisone. Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin Montelukast Phenylephrine

Answer 42

Montekulast

Question 43

Interactions: Fluoxetine (SSRI) associated with possible serotoninergic syndrome. Trazodone (non SSRI) increases risk of serotonin syndrome, phenelzine (MAOI) may cause hypertensive crisis with this drug. Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin Montekulast Tiotropium bromide

Answer 43

Dextromethorphan

Question 44

No interactions. Tiotropium bromide Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin Tiotropium bromide & Guaifenesin

Answer 44

Tiotropium bromide & Guaifenesin

Question 45

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, liver disease, acute asthma attack, pneumonia, lower respiratory disease Hydroxyzine Salbutamol Diphenhydramine Loratadine

Answer 45

Loratadine

Question 46

Contraindications: hypersensitivity; neonates, lactation. BPH, acute glaucoma. To make child <6 yrs sleep, when used for self-medication. Hydroxyzine Loratadine Dextromethorphan Diphenhydramine

Answer 46

Diphenhydramine

Question 47

Contraindications: porphyria, neonates, pregnancy (X in first trimester, C in 2nd and 3rd trimester), lactation. Hydroxyzine Fluticasone Salbutamol Montelukast

Answer 47

Hydroxyzine

Question 48

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to drug, components of milk proteins, which may result in anaphylaxis, angioedema, rash and urticarial. Status asthmaticus, acute bronchospasms. Salbutamol Epinephrine Fluticasone Diphenhydramine

Answer 48

Fluticasone

Question 49

Contraindications: Eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia; intra-uterine infection, intra-uterine fetal death, antepartum hemorrhage, placenta previa and cord compression, threatened miscarriage, cardiac disease, tachycardia. Salbutamol Hydroxyzine Montelukast Loratadine

Answer 49

Salbutamol

Question 50

Contraindications: preexisting hypertension; occlusive vascular disease; closed-angle glaucoma (eye drops); hypersensitivity; cardiac arrhythmias or tachycardia. When used in addition to local anesthetics: procedures involving digital, ears, nose, penis or scrotum. Epinephrine Hydroxyzine Fluticasone Tiotropium bromide

Answer 50

Epinephrine

Question 51

Contraindications: hypertension, ventricular tachycardia, closed-angle glaucoma Montelukast Guaifenesin Phenylephrine Dextromethorphan

Answer 51

Phenylephrine

Question 52

Contraindications: hypersensitivity Dextromethorphan Loratadine Salbutamol Montelukast

Answer 52

Montelukast

Question 53

Contraindications: patients at risk of developing respiratory failure. During an acute attack. Patients receiving MAOI or before 2 weeks after discontinuing them. Persistent or chronic cough. Guaifenesin Dextromethorphan Loratadine Fluticasone

Answer 53

Dextromethorphan

Question 54

Contraindications: Do not use as self-medication in chronic or persistent coughs; hypersensitivity Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin Tiotropium bromide Phenylephrine

Answer 54

Guaifenesin