Respiratory

Question 1

Mediastinum

Answer 1

the middle section of thoracic cavity containing esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels

Question 2

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 2

2 lobes

Question 3

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 3

3 lobes

Question 4

The key function of the respiratory system

Answer 4

gas exchange. Provide oxygen to the body’s cells and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 5

Upper Airway

Answer 5

Nose, mouth pharynx, larynx, trachea

Question 6

Function of upper airway

Answer 6

warm, humidify, and filter air

Question 7

Lower Airway

Answer 7

bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary), bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 8

Lower airway function

Answer 8

gas exchange. alveoli are the functional units for gas exchange

Question 9

Pleura

Answer 9

surrounds and cushions the lungs. The space between the two layers is the pleura cavity.

Question 10

Ventilation

Answer 10

flow of air into and out of the alveoli.

Question 11

bronchoconstriction causes an increase or decrease in ventilation?

Answer 11

Decrease

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the RBCs in the bloodstream.

Question 13

Pulmonary fibrosis causes a decrease or increase in diffusion?

Answer 13

Decrease

Question 14

Perfusion

Answer 14

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the RBCs and the body tissues

Question 15

Peripheral Artery Disease causes an increase or decrease in perfusion?

Answer 15

Decrease

Question 16

Subjective or Objective Data?
Cough

Answer 16

Subjective

Question 17

Subjective or Objective Data?
Shortness of Breath

Answer 17

Subjective

Question 18

Preliminary Stats

Answer 18

Observe the client and their position of breathing

Question 19

level of consciousness

Answer 19

Expected: relaxed and comfortable
unexpected: anxious, agitated, confused, or frequent sighing

Question 20

Unexpected findings in the fingers and toes

Answer 20

cyanosis
cool, damp skin
clubbing
pallor

Question 21

Expected respiratory rate

Answer 21

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 22

Expected finding for pulse oximetry

Answer 22

greater than 95%

Question 23

Hypoxic SpO2 Range

Answer 23

85-94%

Question 24

Severely Hypoxic SpO2 Range

Answer 24

< 85%

Question 25

Normal COPD SpO2 range

Answer 25

88-92%

Question 26

Hyperventilation Nursing Interventions

Answer 26

Calm Environment Sitting Position (raise the head of the bed) Slow breathing Determine and treat the cause Notify Provider

Question 27

Hypoxemia

Answer 27

insufficient oxygen in arterial blood. requires ABG to dx

Question 28

Hypoxia

Answer 28

insufficient tissue oxygenation

Question 29

Early signs and symptoms of hypoxia and hypoxemia.

Answer 29

restlessness, irritability, abnormal breathing, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, pallor

Question 30

Late signs and symptoms of hypoxia and hypoxemia

Answer 30

decrease LOC, cyanosis, Increase lactic acid, dysrhythmias, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension

Question 31

Signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity

Answer 31

non-productive cough, substernal chest pain, nasal stuffiness, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, headache, sore throat

Question 32

Nasal cannula oxygen rate

Answer 32

1-6 L/mL

Question 33

Simple face mask oxygen rate

Answer 33

5-10 L/mL

Question 34

Deep breathing

Answer 34

allows movement in lung bases which prevents collapse

Question 35

coughing

Answer 35

deep productive coughing clears mucous

Question 36

positioning

Answer 36

Semi-Fowlers and above lung capacity

Question 37

incentive spirometer

Answer 37

mechanical device that promotes lung expansion and decrease pulmonary complications. Teach patient proper technique before surgery and reinforce teaching after surgery.

Question 38

Incentive spirometer use

Answer 38

10 times every hour awake

Question 39

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Answer 39

An arterial blood sample to assess acid-base balance, ventilation, and oxygenation of critical care patients

Question 40

Components of ABG

Answer 40

pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3, SaO2

Question 41

pH expected range and description

Answer 41

7.35 - 7.45 acid-base balance of blood

Question 42

PaO2 expected range and description

Answer 42

80 - 100 mmHg Measure of oxygen pressure in arterial blood

Question 43

PaCO2 expected range and description

Answer 43

35 - 45 mmHg Measure of carbon dioxide pressure in arterial blood

Question 44

HCO3 expected range and description

Answer 44

22 - 26 mEq/L Bicarbonate: important buffer in the blood, regulated by the kidneys

Question 45

SaO2 expected range and description

Answer 45

95 - 100% Amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the arterial blood.

Question 46

pH below 7.35 indicates

Answer 46

presence of acidosis

Question 47

pH above 7.45 indicates

Answer 47

presence of alkalosis

Question 48

PaCO2 above 45 (acid) indicates

Answer 48

respiratory acidosis or compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Question 49

PaCO2 below 35 (base) indicates

Answer 49

respiratory alkalosis or compensation for metabolic acidosis

Question 50

HCO3 below 22 (acid) indicates

Answer 50

metabolic acidosis or compensation for respiratory alkalosis

Question 51

HCO3 above 26 (base) indicates

Answer 51

metabolic alkalosis or compensation for respiratory acidosis

Question 52

Older adult physiological changes in respiratory system

Answer 52

decrease lung capacity and elasticity weaker respiratory muscles and increase work of breathing increase anterior and posterior chest diameter decrease cough reflex=harder to expel

Question 53

Expected lung sounds

Answer 53

bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular

Question 54

Lung sounds: crackles (fine)

Answer 54

high-pitched crackling popping sounds

Question 55

Lung sounds: crackles (coarse)

Answer 55

low-pitched bubbling, gurgling sounds

Question 56

lung sounds: wheezes

Answer 56

high-pitched, musical, squeaky sounds

Question 57

lung sounds: pleural friction rub

Answer 57

loud, grating, scratching sounds

Question 58

lung sounds: rhonchi

Answer 58

low-pitched, coarse, snoring sounds