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Heath Assesment Exam 2 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

A

the middle section of thoracic cavity containing esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels

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2
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes

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3
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

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4
Q

The key function of the respiratory system

A

gas exchange. Provide oxygen to the body’s cells and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

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5
Q

Upper Airway

A

Nose, mouth pharynx, larynx, trachea

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6
Q

Function of upper airway

A

warm, humidify, and filter air

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7
Q

Lower Airway

A

bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary), bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

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8
Q

Lower airway function

A

gas exchange. alveoli are the functional units for gas exchange

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9
Q

Pleura

A

surrounds and cushions the lungs. The space between the two layers is the pleura cavity.

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10
Q

Ventilation

A

flow of air into and out of the alveoli.

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11
Q

bronchoconstriction causes an increase or decrease in ventilation?

A

Decrease

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the RBCs in the bloodstream.

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13
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis causes a decrease or increase in diffusion?

A

Decrease

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14
Q

Perfusion

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the RBCs and the body tissues

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15
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease causes an increase or decrease in perfusion?

A

Decrease

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16
Q

Subjective or Objective Data?
Cough

A

Subjective

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17
Q

Subjective or Objective Data?
Shortness of Breath

A

Subjective

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18
Q

Preliminary Stats

A

Observe the client and their position of breathing

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19
Q

level of consciousness

A

Expected: relaxed and comfortable
unexpected: anxious, agitated, confused, or frequent sighing

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20
Q

Unexpected findings in the fingers and toes

A

cyanosis
cool, damp skin
clubbing
pallor

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21
Q

Expected respiratory rate

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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22
Q

Expected finding for pulse oximetry

A

greater than 95%

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23
Q

Hypoxic SpO2 Range

A

85-94%

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24
Q

Severely Hypoxic SpO2 Range

A

< 85%

25
Q

Normal COPD SpO2 range

A

88-92%

26
Q

Hyperventilation Nursing Interventions

A

Calm Environment
Sitting Position (raise the head of the bed)
Slow breathing
Determine and treat the cause
Notify Provider

27
Q

Hypoxemia

A

insufficient oxygen in arterial blood. requires ABG to dx

28
Q

Hypoxia

A

insufficient tissue oxygenation

29
Q

Early signs and symptoms of hypoxia and hypoxemia.

A

restlessness, irritability, abnormal breathing, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, pallor

30
Q

Late signs and symptoms of hypoxia and hypoxemia

A

decrease LOC, cyanosis, Increase lactic acid, dysrhythmias, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity

A

non-productive cough, substernal chest pain, nasal stuffiness, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, headache, sore throat

32
Q

Nasal cannula oxygen rate

A

1-6 L/mL

33
Q

Simple face mask oxygen rate

A

5-10 L/mL

34
Q

Deep breathing

A

allows movement in lung bases which prevents collapse

35
Q

coughing

A

deep productive coughing clears mucous

36
Q

positioning

A

Semi-Fowlers and above lung capacity

37
Q

incentive spirometer

A

mechanical device that promotes lung expansion and decrease pulmonary complications. Teach patient proper technique before surgery and reinforce teaching after surgery.

38
Q

Incentive spirometer use

A

10 times every hour awake

39
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A

An arterial blood sample to assess acid-base balance, ventilation, and oxygenation of critical care patients

40
Q

Components of ABG

A

pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3, SaO2

41
Q

pH expected range and description

A

7.35 - 7.45
acid-base balance of blood

42
Q

PaO2 expected range and description

A

80 - 100 mmHg
Measure of oxygen pressure in arterial blood

43
Q

PaCO2 expected range and description

A

35 - 45 mmHg
Measure of carbon dioxide pressure in arterial blood

44
Q

HCO3 expected range and description

A

22 - 26 mEq/L
Bicarbonate: important buffer in the blood, regulated by the kidneys

45
Q

SaO2 expected range and description

A

95 - 100%
Amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the arterial blood.

46
Q

pH below 7.35 indicates

A

presence of acidosis

47
Q

pH above 7.45 indicates

A

presence of alkalosis

48
Q

PaCO2 above 45 (acid) indicates

A

respiratory acidosis or compensation for metabolic alkalosis

49
Q

PaCO2 below 35 (base) indicates

A

respiratory alkalosis or compensation for metabolic acidosis

50
Q

HCO3 below 22 (acid) indicates

A

metabolic acidosis or compensation for respiratory alkalosis

51
Q

HCO3 above 26 (base) indicates

A

metabolic alkalosis or compensation for respiratory acidosis

52
Q

Older adult physiological changes in respiratory system

A

decrease lung capacity and elasticity
weaker respiratory muscles and increase work of breathing
increase anterior and posterior chest diameter
decrease cough reflex=harder to expel

53
Q

Expected lung sounds

A

bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular

54
Q

Lung sounds: crackles (fine)

A

high-pitched crackling popping sounds

55
Q

Lung sounds: crackles (coarse)

A

low-pitched bubbling, gurgling sounds

56
Q

lung sounds: wheezes

A

high-pitched, musical, squeaky sounds

57
Q

lung sounds: pleural friction rub

A

loud, grating, scratching sounds

58
Q

lung sounds: rhonchi

A

low-pitched, coarse, snoring sounds

Heath Assesment Exam 2 (3 decks)

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