Respiratory Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is part of the respiratory system? There are 4.
Upper and lower airways
Lungs
Alveoli
Capillaries
Why does impaired gas exchange happen? There are three reasons
Ineffective ventilation
Reduces capacity of gas transportation (reduced hemoglobin and/or red blood cells)
Inadequate perfusion
What are signs and symptoms of a compromised gas exchange? There are 6
Vital signs
Inspection of breathing effort, skin color, thorax, and extremities
Auscultation
What are primary prevention nursing interventions to optimize gas exchange? There are four
Infection control
Smoking cessation
Immunizations
Preventing postoperative complications
What are secondary preventions that a nurse can do to optimize gas exchanges?
Mantoux skin test
What is the Mantoux skin test?
Commonly known as the TB test, it’s the injection in dermis looking for a reaction, linked to gas exchange because it is a contagious disease that causes lung damage.
What are respiratory infections in the upper respiratory tract? There are two.
Nose, pharynx
What can be infected in the lower respiratory tract? There are two.
Bronchi and bronchioles
What can be infected in the croup syndromes? There are two.
Epiglottis and larynx.
What are key pediatric differences in the respiratory system. There are nine.
Lack of or insufficient surfactant
Smaller airways and underdeveloped cartilage
Obligatory nose breather (infant)
Less well developed intercostal muscles
Brief periods of apnea common (newborn)
Faster respiratory rate (increased metabolic needs)
Eustachian tubes relatively horizontal
Tonsilar tissue enlarged
More flexible larynx, susceptible to soasms
(T/F) Mycoplasma infections are more common in fall and winter
True
(T/F) Asthmatic bronchitis is more frequent in cold weather
True
(T/F) RSV season is considered winter and spring
True
What are generalized signs and symptoms of respiratory infection in younger children? There are 10
Fever
Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Cough, sore throat, nasal blockage or discharge
Respiratory sound
(T/F) RSV is the causative agent in 50% of cases of bronchiolitis
True
(T/F) RSV is a significant cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year of age
True
What isolation precautions is necessary for RSV?
Contact precaution
(T/F) Asthma is a reversible obstructive airway disease
True
What is asthma characterized by? There are 3
Increased airway response was to a variety of stimuli
Bronchospasm resulting from constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
Inflammation and edema of the mucous membranes that line the small airways and the subsequent accumulation of thick secretions in the airway
What are characteristics of asthma? There are 5
Chronic inflammatory disorder of airways
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness
Episodic
Limited airflow or obstruction that reverses spontaneously or with treatment
What are signs and symptoms indicating emergency asthma? There are 7
Worsening wheeze, cough, or shortness of breath
Difficulty breathing
No improvement after bronchodilator use
Trouble walking or talking
Discontinuation of play; inability to resume activity
Listlessness, weak cry in infant; refusal to suck
Grey or blue lips or fingernails (requires immediate emergency treatment)
What are Asthma severity classifications in children 5 or older. There are 4
Step 1: Mild, intermittent asthma
Step 2: Mild, persistent asthma
Step 3: Moderate, persistent asthma
Step 4: Severe, persistent asthma
What are triggers to Asthma? There are 3
Hypersensitivity
URI (upper respiratory infection)
Exercise
(T/F) Asthma is more common in males
True
