Respiratory

Question 1

List the structure of the respiratory system

Answer 1

nasal cavity-pharynx-layrnx-trachea-bronchus-bronchioles-alveoli

Question 2

What are the internal intercostals?

Answer 2

Inside the ribcage, draw the ribs down & in

Question 3

What are the external intercostals?

Answer 3

Outside the ribcage, pull the ribs up & out

Question 4

What is the nasal cavity

Answer 4

Air enters through the nasal cavity by the nostrils

Question 5

What is the epiglottis

Answer 5

A small flap of cartilage at the back of the tongue which ensures food does not enter the lungs

Question 6

What is the trachea

Answer 6

Rings of cartilage

Question 7

What are the bronchioles

Answer 7

Small airways that are extend from the bronchii

Question 8

What are alveoli

Answer 8

At the end of the bronchiole, responsible for the transfer of O2 into the blood & remove waste

Question 9

What is the 3 + 2

Answer 9

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor

Rectus abdominus & obliques

Question 10

What happens during inspiration rest

Answer 10

Diaphragm & external intercostals contract

Ribs up & out

Thoracic cavity volume increases

lung air pressure decreases

Air rushes into lungs

Question 11

Expiration rest

Answer 11

Diaphragm & external intercostals relax

Ribs in & down

Thoracic cavity volume decreases

lung air pressure increases

Air rushes out of lungs

Question 12

What happens during exercise?
Inspiration expiration muscles

Answer 12

more than at rest
3 + 2

Question 13

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 13

The process where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and muscles

Question 14

What is tidal volume

Answer 14

Volume of air breathed in & out in one breath

Question 15

What is frequency

Answer 15

Number o breaths in 1 minute

Question 16

What is minute ventilation

Answer 16

tidal volume x frequency

Question 17

What is vital capacity

Answer 17

Amount of air that can be forced out of lungs after maximal inspiration

Question 18

What is residual volume

Answer 18

The air left in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 19

What is total lung volume

Answer 19

Total lung capacity after maximal inspiration

Question 20

What is tidal volume at rest

Answer 20

500 ml per breath

Question 21

What is frequency at rest

Answer 21

15 breaths per minute

Question 22

What is minute ventilation at rest

Answer 22

7.5 litres

Question 23

What is vital capacity at rest

Answer 23

4800ml

Question 24

What is residual volume at rest

Answer 24

1200ml

Question 25

What is total lung volume at rest

Answer 25

6000ml

Question 26

What is tidal volume during exercise

Answer 26

4 litres

Question 27

What is frequency during exercise

Answer 27

40-60

Question 28

What are the neural factors

Answer 28

proprioreceptors baroreceptors thermoreceptors

Question 29

What are chemical factors

Answer 29

Chemoreceptors

Question 30

What do proprioreceptors detect

Answer 30

Movement

Question 31

What do baroreceptors detect

Answer 31

lung pressure

Question 32

What do thermoreceptors detect

Answer 32

temperature

Question 33

What do chemoreceptors detect

Answer 33

change in oxygen, lactic acid, carbon dioxide

Question 34

What are the responses of the respiratory system to exercise

Answer 34

Increased breathing rate and tidal volume

Question 35

Explain increased breathing rate

Answer 35

Muscles demand more oxygen. Breathing rate increases due to higher demand for oxygen.

Question 36

Explain increased tidal volume

Answer 36

Tidal volume increases to allow more air to pass through the body.

Question 37

What are the adaptations of the respiratory system to exercise

Answer 37

Increased: vital capacity, strength of respiratory muscles, O2 & CO2 diffusion rate

Question 38

What are the additional factors for C

Answer 38

Asthma & altitude

Question 39

What is asthma

Answer 39

Asthma is when the airways providing air to the alveoli are narrowed restricting air to the alveoli

Question 40

What can cause asthma flare ups

Answer 40

exhaust fumes, pollution, pollen, damp weather

Question 41

Explain altitude

Answer 41

The pressure of oxygen in the air is reduced

Question 42

What are short term effects of altitude

Answer 42

shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness, hypoxia

Question 43

What does live high train low mean

Answer 43

Living high improves aerobic performance and increases lung volume however training high = sickness will stop training

Question 44

What is movement of gases always?

Answer 44

High to low

Question 45

Explain oxygen during gaseous exchange in the lungs

Answer 45

O2 diffuses from the alveoli air (hp) into capillary blood (lp as used by muscles)

Question 46

Explain oxygen during gaseous exchange in the muscles

Answer 46

Oxygen diffuses from the blood (hp) into the muscle tissues (lp)

Question 47

What happens to carbon dioxide during gaseous exchange in the lungs

Answer 47

Co2 diffuses from the capillary blood (hp) to alveoli air (lp)

Question 48

What happens to carbon dioxide during gaseous exchange in the muscles

Answer 48

Co2 from the muscle tissues (hp) to the blood (lp)

Question 49

Where does gaseous exchange take place during inspiration?

Answer 49

In the muscles

Question 50

Where does gaseous exchange take place during expiration?

Answer 50

In the lungs