Respiratory

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

tiny, thin walled sacs

Question 2

respiratory organs

Answer 2

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

mode for the exchange of gasses that occurs in the respiratory system

Question 4

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 4

composed of: nose, pharynx, & larynx

Question 5

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 5

consists of: trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, & lungs

Question 6

respiratory muscosa

Answer 6

membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the system

Question 7

mucus

Answer 7

varies in composition from very watery to very thick & sticky {depends on location}

Question 8

ciliary escalator

Answer 8

millions of cilia that beat or move only in one direction

Question 9

external nares

Answer 9

nostrils

Question 10

nasal septum

Answer 10

separates the two cavities

Question 11

paranasal sinuses

Answer 11

four parts: frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, & ethmoid

Question 12

sinusitis

Answer 12

sinus infection

Question 13

lacrimal sacs

Answer 13

two ducts; collect tears from the corner of each eyelid & drain them into nasal cavity

Question 14

conchae

Answer 14

three shelf-like structures that protrude into the nasal cavity on each side

Question 15

turbinates

Answer 15

another name for the nasal conchae

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

throat

Question 17

three parts of pharynx

Answer 17

-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 18

auditory {eustachian} tube

Answer 18

they connect the middle ears with the nasopharynx; equalization of air pressure between the middle & the exterior ear

Question 19

tonsils

Answer 19

masses of lymphoid tissue

Question 20

three types of tonsils

Answer 20

-lingual tonsils
-palatine tonsils
-pharyngeal tonsils {adenoids}

Question 21

tonsillitis

Answer 21

when the tonsils become infected and inflamed

Question 22

larynx

Answer 22

voice box; located below the pharynx; made of nine pieces of cartilage

Question 23

vocal cords

Answer 23

two short fibrous bands

Question 24

glottis

Answer 24

space between the vocal cords that change shape as we speak

Question 25

epiglottis

Answer 25

piece of cartilage that partially covers the larynx; acting as a trapdoor

Question 26

trachea

Answer 26

windpipe

Question 27

endotracheal intubation

Answer 27

a tube placed through the mouth, pharynx, & larynx into the trachea; especially if the airway is collapsed or obstructed

Question 28

interaytenoid notch

Answer 28

v-shaped posterior groove

Question 29

tracheotomy

Answer 29

make an incision in the trachea

Question 30

tracheostomy

Answer 30

creating a permanent opening

Question 31

primary bronchi

Answer 31

trachea's first branches

Question 32

secondary bronchi

Answer 32

smaller branches

Question 33

bronchioles

Answer 33

very small passageways

Question 34

alveolar ducts

Answer 34

bronchioles subdivide into microscopic tubes

Question 35

alveolar sacs

Answer 35

resembles a cluster of grapes

Question 36

alveoli

Answer 36

small grape-like structure; effective in promoting the rapid & effective exchange of O2, CO2 between blood circulating through the lung capillaries & alveolar air

Question 37

respiratory membrane

Answer 37

extremely thin barrier

Question 38

surfactant

Answer 38

surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is covered by a substance

Question 39

lungs

Answer 39

large organ that fills most of the thoracic cavity

Question 40

pleura

Answer 40

serous membrane that covers the outer surface of each lung; lines the inner surface of rib cage

Question 41

infant respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 41

affects premature infants or those who weigh < 5 Ibs; characterized by lack of surfactant in the alveolar air sacs {affects 50,000 babies annually}

Question 42

COPD

Answer 42

progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow

Question 43

chronic bronchitis

Answer 43

chronic inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles

Question 44

emphysema

Answer 44

progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air becomes trapped within alveoli & causes them to enlarge

Question 45

pleurisy

Answer 45

is inflammation of the parietal pleura {characterized by difficulty in breathing & stabbing pain}

Question 46

pneumothorax

Answer 46

presence of air in the intrapleural space on one side of the chest

Question 47

respiration

Answer 47

exchange of gasses

Question 48

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 48

the process that moves air into & out of the lungs

Question 49

external respiration

Question 50

internal respiration

Question 51

cellular respiration

Answer 51

use of oxygen by cells in the process of metabolism

Question 52

inspiration

Answer 52

moves air into the lungs

Question 53

expiration

Answer 53

moves air out of the lungs

Question 54

phrenic nerve

Answer 54

stimulates diaphragm to contract

Question 55

hypoxia

Answer 55

an insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues

Question 56

respiratory control centers

Answer 56

changes in respiration depend on proper functioning of the muscles of respiration; these muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses

Question 57

chemoreceptors

Answer 57

specialized sensory receptors that are sensitive to increases in blood CO2 & decreases in blood O2 level

Question 58

chemoreflexes

Answer 58

sense & respond to increasing blood acid levels

Question 59

eupnea

Answer 59

refers to normal respiratory rate

Question 60

hyperventilation

Answer 60

very rapid, deep breathes

Question 61

hypoventilation

Answer 61

slow, shallow respirations

Question 62

dyspnea

Answer 62

labored or difficult breathing & is often associated w/ hypoventilation

Question 63

SIDS

Answer 63

sudden infant death syndrome

Question 64

apnea

Answer 64

breathing stops completely for a brief period {regardless of cause}

Question 65

respiratory arrest

Answer 65

failure to resume breathing after a period of apnea

Question 66

cheyne-stokes respiration

Answer 66

series of cycles of alternating apnea & hyperventilation

Question 67

partial pressure

Question 68

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 68

union of oxygen & hemoglobin

Question 69

heme

Question 70

carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 70

union of carbon dioxide & hemoglobin

Question 71

bicarbonate ions

Question 72

carbonic anhydrase