Respiratory

Question 1

disorders characterized by infiltration of the lung by inflammatory cells with the release of numerous cytokines?

Answer 1

obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 2

interleukins are a type of what?

Answer 2

cytokine

Question 3

interleukins are usually pro-WHAT?

Answer 3

inflammatory

Question 4

what two things do cytokines cause in obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 4

(1) airway damage and (2) mucous production

Question 5

airway obstruction that is worse with expiration- what type of disease?

Answer 5

obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 6

inspiration or expiration is problematic in obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 6

expiration

Question 7

more force (accessory muscles of expiration) or more time required to expire a given volume of air— what disease category?

Answer 7

obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 8

emptying of lungs is slowed causing air-trapping thus increased residual volume- what category of disease?

Answer 8

obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 9

increased work of breathing with subsequent dyspnea, hypoxia, and hypercapnia- which category of disease?

Answer 9

obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 10

hypercapnia or hypocapnia in obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 10

hypercapnia

Question 11

what are the two most common obstructive pulmonary diseases?

Answer 11

asthma and COPD

Question 12

what two diseases comprise COPD?

Answer 12

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 13

hypersecretion of mucous and chronic productive cough that continues for at least 3 months of the year (usually the winter months) for at least two consecutive years- what condition?

Answer 13

chronic bronchitis

Question 14

continual bronchial inflammation causes bronchial edema and increases the size and number of mucous glands and goblet cells in the airway epithelium- what disease?

Answer 14

chronic bronchitis

Question 15

thick, tenacious mucous is produced and cannot be cleared becaused of impaired ciliary function- what condition?

Answer 15

chronic bronchitis

Question 16

increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection, which contributes to airway injury- what condition?

Answer 16

chronic bronchitis

Question 17

hypercapnia is an increase in what?

Answer 17

PaCO2

Question 18

hypercapnia related to chronic HYPOVENTILATION is common- what condition?

Answer 18

chronic bronchitis

Question 19

hypercapnia or hypocapnia in chronic bronchitis?

Answer 19

hypercapnia

Question 20

what causes hypercapnia in chronic bronchitis?

Answer 20

chronic hypoventilation

Question 21

what condition- characterized by destruction of alveoli walls through the breakdown of elastin within the septa?

Answer 21

emphysema

Question 22

destruction of alveoli walls causes abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces in the lungs, also known as gas-exchange acini

Answer 22

emphysema

Question 23

expiration becomes difficult because loss of elastic recoil reduces the volume of air that can be expired passively, air trapped in the lungs- what condition?

Answer 23

emphysema

Question 24

air trapping causes hyperexpansion of the chest (barrel chest)- what condition?

Answer 24

emphysema

Question 25

barrel chest seen in what condition?

Answer 25

emphysema

Question 26

what is a common cause of emphysema?

Answer 26

smoking

Question 27

deficiency of what is seen in nonsmokers with emphysema?

Answer 27

alpha1 antitripsin

Question 28

cor pulmonale is associated with what type of disorders?

Answer 28

pulmonary disorders

Question 29

caused by hypoxemia and hypercapnia that leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction- what condition?

Answer 29

cor pulmonale

Question 30

pulmonary vasoconstriction associated with what condition?

Answer 30

cor pulmonale

Question 31

increased pressures in the pulmonary system associated with what condition?

Answer 31

cor pulmonale

Question 32

right or left sided heart failure seen in cor pulmonale?

Answer 32

right sided

Question 33

which side of the heart is affected in cor pulmonale?

Answer 33

right side

Question 34

hypertrophy and dilation of which ventricle in cor pulmonale?

Answer 34

right ventricle

Question 35

decreased compliance- what category of disease?

Answer 35

restrictive lung diseases

Question 36

takes more effort to expand the lungs in inspiration- which category?

Answer 36

restrictive lung diseases

Question 37

inspiration or expiration is problematic in restrictive diseases?

Answer 37

inspiration

Question 38

aspiration- example of restrictive or obstructive disease?

Answer 38

restrictive

Question 39

pulmonary edema- example of restrictive or obstructive disease?

Answer 39

restrictive

Question 40

ARDS- example of restrictive or obstructive disease?

Answer 40

restrictive

Question 41

pneumoconiosis- example of restrictive or obstructive disease?

Answer 41

restrictive

Question 42

any change in the lung caused by inhalation of inorganic dust particles- what disease?

Answer 42

pneumoconiosis

Question 43

where does pneumoconiosis stem from?

Answer 43

workplace

Question 44

term for silica dust

Answer 44

silicosis

Question 45

term for asbestos dust

Answer 45

asbestosis

Question 46

coal dust causes what?

Answer 46

black lung disease

Question 47

is pneumoconiosis reversible?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

treatment for pneumoconiosis is what?

Answer 48

palliative

Question 49

treatment of what focuses on preventing further exposure?

Answer 49

pneumoconiosis

Question 50

what is the first symptom of PE in 25% of cases?

Answer 50

death

Question 51

what is the most common cause of PE?

Answer 51

DVT

Question 52

venous stasis is a risk factor for what?

Answer 52

PE

Question 53

trauma, infection are risk factors for what?

Answer 53

PE

Question 54

hypercoagulability (malignancy) is risk factor for what?

Answer 54

PE

Question 55

what are the three components of Virchow's triad?

Answer 55

venous stasis, epithelial injury, hypercoagulability