Respiratory Flashcards
(57 cards)
What type of receptors are involved in detecting changes in blood pH?
Chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries.
What change occurs when blood pH is lowered?
Blood becomes more acidic.
What causes the blood pH to lower?
Exercise.
What is the control center for blood pH regulation?
Medulla Oblongata.
What is the normal condition for blood pH?
Blood pH returns to normal at a pH of 7.40.
What effectors are involved in increasing breathing?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.
What change occurs when blood pH is increased?
Blood becomes more basic (alkaline).
What are the components of the respiratory system?
diaphragm, lung, bronchus, trachea, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchiole, epiglottis
What are three ways that the nasal passage modifies inhaled air?
Warmed by blood vessels.
Moistened by mucus.
Filtered by hairs and mucus.
Why does the body need oxygen?
To perform cellular respiration to produce ATP (energy) in cells.
Where are the vocal cords found?
Larynx
How do the vocal cords produce sound?
Air passes through and causes them to vibrate; tension and length affect pitch.
Why are the cartilage rings in the trachea āCā shaped?
Allows trachea to stay open while giving flexibility; also allows esophagus to expand during swallowing.
Name and describe 3 respiratory disorders.
Answers may vary.
Examples: Asthma - Airways narrow, inflamed, and produce extra mucus. Bronchitis - Inflammation of bronchial tubes; can be chronic or acute. Emphysema - Alveoli are damaged, reducing gas exchange area.
What is the vital capacity of a man with a tidal volume of 0.600 L, an expiratory reserve volume of 1.200 L, and an inspiratory reserve of 2.000 L?
Vital Capacity = 3.800 L
Why does oxygen diffuse from the alveolus into the blood?
Higher oxygen concentration in alveoli than in blood; diffusion occurs down the concentration gradient.
How does the blood transport oxygen?
Mostly bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells; small amount dissolved in plasma.
How does blood transport CO2?
Blood transports CO2 out of the body. CO2 is created as a waste product during cellular respiration and is carried by hemoglobin back to the lungs.
How does the brain detect high CO2 levels?
CO reacts with water to form carbonic acid, lowering blood pH; chemoreceptors in medulla detect low pH.
In what part of the lung does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To supply the blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Name the four stages of respiration.
a) Breathing (ventilation) - Air movement in/out of lungs.
b) External respiration - Gas exchange between lungs and blood.
c) Internal respiration - Gas exchange between blood and cells.
d) Cellular respiration - Cells use oxygen to produce energy (ATP).
What are the two important requirements of the respiratory system?
- A large surface area for gas exchange.
- Moist surface for diffusion of gases.
What are the three characteristics of the respiratory surfaces?
- Moist.
- Thin-walled.
- Large surface area with close blood supply.
