Respiratory

Question 1

A child’s respiratory tract is narrower than an adult’s until what age?

Answer 1

5 years

Question 2

Young infants are what kind of nose breathers?

Answer 2

Obligatory nose breathers

Question 3

Normal pH range

Answer 3

7.35-7.45

Question 4

Normal HCO3

Answer 4

22-26

Question 5

Normal PaO2

Answer 5

80-100

Question 6

Normal PaCO2

Answer 6

35-45

Question 7

If CO2 is high/low what is root cause?

Answer 7

Respiratory

Question 8

If HCO3 is high/low what is root cause?

Answer 8

Metabolic

Question 9

What does “ROME” stand for?

Answer 9

Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal

Question 10

Why do infants frequently get otitis media?

Answer 10

Infants have shorter, wider, and less angular canals

Question 11

(5) ways to prevent otitis media

Answer 11

1) breast feed for 1st 6 months 2) Feed in upright position 3)reduce or stop paci use after 6 months 4)vaccinate 5) avoid smoke exposure

Question 12

Asthma can be cured. T/F

Answer 12

False Asthma can only be controlled

Question 13

What is the leading cause of chronic illness in children?

Answer 13

Asthma

Question 14

Astma is chronic inflammation of airways caused by,________________.

Answer 14

increased reaction of airways to various stimuli.

Question 15

What is chronic Asthma?

Answer 15

1) Inflammation 2) Hypersensitivity to triggers

Question 16

What is acute Asthma?

Answer 16

1) Swelling of airways 2) mucus production

Question 17

What is the result of a bronchospasm?

Answer 17

narrowing of airways

Question 18

What are two examples of bronchodialators commonly used in individualized management plans for asthma?

Answer 18

Zopenex/Albuterol

Question 19

It is important to tell parents and children to do what after they use their MDI for steroids?

Answer 19

Wash their mouth out

Question 20

What type of sports are good for children with Asthma?

Answer 20

Endurance sports (soccer, tennis, volleyball)

Question 21

What sport should children with asthma refrain from?

Answer 21

Swimming, because of chemical irritants

Question 22

When should a child be instructed to use their MDI regarding sports?

Answer 22

15-20 min prior to exercise.

Question 23

Define bronchiolitis

Answer 23

Lower respiratory infection causing obstruction of small airways (bronchioles)

Question 24

How is bronchiolitis spread?

Answer 24

Contact

Question 25

How long does RSV live on surfaces?

Answer 25

1-6 hours

Question 26

How long does RSV line on skin?

Answer 26

30 min.

Question 27

How long is a child contagious with bronchiolitis?

Answer 27

When secretions are present and up to 14 days after start of symptoms

Question 28

What is the incubation period for bronchiolitis?

Answer 28

5-8 days

Question 29

Which children are at high risk for bronchiolitis?

Answer 29

Infants with hx of prematurity, infants less than 6 months of age, infants in day care.

Question 30

Common interventions for children with bronchiolitis?

Answer 30

Suction before feeding, small frequent feeds, elevate HOB, increase fluids (IV/oral), Oxygen supplement, PPD, neb

Question 31

What is the most common way that a child with carbon monoxide presents?

Answer 31

ROSEY perfusion, dull headache,

Question 32

How do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 32

Give oxygen

Question 33

What causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 33

ventilatory support with high positive airway pressure and oxygen with in first 2 weeks of life

Question 34

What are three common complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 34

1)respiratory incufficiency 2) lower respiratory tract infections 3)hypertention

Question 35

What is a common heart problem caused by bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 35

Right sided heart failure

Question 36

What age child does croup affect?

Answer 36

5 and under

Question 37

What are the common symptoms of croup?

Answer 37

1) seal bark 2)brassy cough 3) inspiratory stidor (usually starts during the night and is viral induced)

Question 38

What is a possible outcome of croup?

Answer 38

Swelling or obstruction of lrynx

Question 39

Name 5 interventions for pt with croup:

Answer 39

1) cool mist/hot shower 2) conservation of energy 3) racemic epi 4) corticosteroids 5 fluid/electrolyte administration

Question 40

How is cystic fibrosis dx?

Answer 40

sweat chloride test

Question 41

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 41

Autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands, causes thick mucous and increase in organic and enzymatic properties of saliva.

Question 42

What is the cause of multiple bacterial infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

Answer 42

thick bronchial mucus with decreased ciliary action.

Question 43

Which two infections are especially worrisome in cystic fibrosis patients?

Answer 43

Pseudomonas/ Burkholderia(worst)

Question 44

What gastrointestinal complication arises in 7-10% of newborns with CF?

Answer 44

Meconium illeus

Question 45

What are common gastrointestinal complications in CF patients?

Answer 45

Everything gets blocked/backed up, intestines, pancreatic ducts (causing increase in diabetes type 1), increase in LFTs and Gall stones.

Question 46

How many stools/day is goal for CF pt?

Answer 46

2-3 stools/day

Question 47

What additional supplements do CF pt receive to help with digestion and absorption of fats?

Answer 47

Vitamins ADEK, with a high calorie high protein diet

Question 48

True or False: It is important to give cough suppressants to CF pt?

Answer 48

False, coughing is good!

Question 49

How do you prevent epiglottitis?

Answer 49

Hib vaccine

Question 50

What is the cause of epiglotitis?

Answer 50

H. Influenza

Question 51

How does epiglotitis present itself?

Answer 51

Rapid onset cough, then, stidor, then distress, pt sits in tripod position and drools.

Question 52

Which bronch is usually the place aspiration occurs?

Answer 52

Right

Question 53

Which object is listed as highest risk for aspiration?

Answer 53

Beans

Question 54

In trach care what is the #1 rule for suction?

Answer 54

Do not suction longer than trach!