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Micro Exam 3 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Strep throat can progress into what conditions?

A

Scarlet fever or rheumatic fever/heart disease

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2
Q

Purulent abscesses that cover the tonsils (pus pockets) and associated with what disease?

A

Strep Throat

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3
Q

What pathogen is responsible for strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

What disease is the #1 cause of pharyngitis?

A

Strep Throat

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5
Q

What is another name for scarlet fever?

A

Scarletina

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6
Q

Scarlet fever develops after 1-2 days of what prior condition?

A

Strep throat (pharyngitis)

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7
Q

What unique sign is seen in the mouth of those with scarlet fever?

A

Tongue becomes strawberry red

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8
Q

What pathogen is responsible for scarlet fever?

A

Lysogenized strain of streptococcus pyogenes

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9
Q

Pseudomembrane adhesions in the posterior throat are associated with what condition?

A

Diphtheria

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10
Q

What can occur with the pseudomembrane in serious conditions of diphtheria?

A

Occlusion of airway resulting in death by suffocation

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11
Q

The pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheria is associated with what condition?

A

Diphtheria

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12
Q

What arrangement is seen by the pathogen responsible for diphtheria?

A

Palisade arrangement formed via snapping fission

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13
Q

How is diphtheria diagnosed?

A

Pseudomembranes

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14
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of otitis media and what age group is MC affected?

A

Pain in the ears, MC in children

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15
Q

What pathogen is responsible for the majority (35%) of otitis media cases?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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16
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of sinusitis and what age group is MC affected?

A

Pain and pressure of the affected sinus, MC in adults

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17
Q

What pathogen is responsible for most cases of sinusitis?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis (10-15% of cases)

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18
Q

What pathogen is the most common cause of the common cold and is highly infective?

A

Rhinoviruses (Rhinorrhea)

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19
Q

What pathogens are the second most common cause of the common cold?

A

Coronaviruses

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20
Q

Bacterial pneumonias are most serious and most frequent among what age group?

A

Adults

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21
Q

What is the clinical term for typical pneumonia?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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22
Q

Rust-colored sputum is associated with what form of pneumonia?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia (typical)

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23
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for typical pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the Pneumococcus)

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24
Q

How does infection of pneumococcal pneumonia occur?

A

Inhalation of bacteria

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25
What is the term for the bacterial replication of pneumonia that leads to damage of the lungs?
Consolidation
26
How is typical/pneumococca pneumonia usually diagnosed?
Chest X-ray
27
What are other names for mycoplasmal pneumonia?
Atypical pneumonia or "walking pneumonia"
28
What type of pneumonia is usually seen year-round?
Mycoplasmal pneumonia
29
Which tends to be more mild and possibly asymptomatic: typical or mycoplasmal pneumonia?
Mycoplasmal pneumonia
30
How is mycoplasmal pneumonia spread?
Nasal secretions
31
Which type of pneumonia occurs year-round: typical or atypical?
Atypical/mycoplasmal
32
Typical/pneumococca pneumonia most often occurs during what seasons?
Fall/winter
33
Thick, bloody (currant jelly) sputum is associated with what type of pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumonia
34
Who is at the greatest risk for a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection?
Immunocompromised
35
What type of pneumonia is a normal digestive respiratory microbiota and considered very opportunistic?
Klebsiella pneumonia
36
Haemophilus influenzae b and staphylococcus aureus can cause symptoms similar to what type of pneumonia?
Pneumococcal (typical)
37
What type of pneumonia is caused by Yersinia pestis?
Pneumonic plague
38
What conditions can be caused by chlamydophila pneumoniae?
Pneumonia and bronchitis
39
What is another term for ornithosis?
Psittacosis
40
What types of symptoms are seen with ornithosis?
Flu-like (within 10 days of exposure)
41
The pathogen Chlamyodophila psittaci is responsible for what condition?
Ornithosis
42
What disease is transmitted to humans through direct beak-to-mouth contact with birds?
Ornithosis
43
The pathogen Legionella pneumophila is responsible for what disease?
Legionnaires' Disease
44
What else can be caused by Legionella pneumophila besides Legionnaires' Disease?
Pontiac fever (non-fatal)
45
How do humans get Legionnaires' Disease?
Inhalation of the bacteria in aerosols from water sources like showers, vaporizers, hot tubs, AC systems, etc.
46
What are the three types of tuberculosis?
Primary, secondary, and disseminated
47
What pathogen is responsible for tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
48
What is the term for when a calcified nodule AND calcification of an associated lymph node occurs during TB?
Ghon's complex
49
Tubercles, Ghon's complex, and caseous (cheese-like) necrosis are associated with what type of tuberculosis?
Primary
50
Primary tuberculosis primarily affects what age group?
Children
51
What type of TB results when the infection spreads throughout the body via blood and lymph?
Disseminated TB
52
What was the name given to the "wasting" of the body from multiple sites seen in disseminated TB?
Consumption
53
What is the condition when TB spreads to the spine?
Pott's disease
54
What is the leading killer of HIV+ individuals?
Tuberculosis
55
Why is tuberculosis considered a reemerging disease?
Due to drug-resistant strains developing
56
What is the lay term for pertussis?
Whooping cough
57
What is the causative agent for pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis
58
What phase of pertussis involves a repetitive cough with whoops, vomiting, and exhaustion?
Paroxysmal
59
Why is pertussis highly contagious?
Bacteria spread easily through the air in airborne droplets
60
What kind of a disease is pertussis?
Reemerging
61
What is the position of sitting upright and leaning slightly forward called that is used by those with epiglottitis to help them breathe?
Tripod position
62
How is epiglottitis transmitted?
Person to person, direct contact, or droplet inhalation
63
Is epiglottitis a serious condition?
Medical emergency that requires immediate medial help
64
Inhalational anthrax symptoms resemble what other condition?
Cold or flu
65
Is inhalational anthrax a serious condition?
Can result in death
66
How is inhalational anthrax spread?
Contact or inhalation of endospores
67
Is inhalational anthrax a common disease?
Rare in humans (but is a bioterrorist threat)
68
What is another name for the influenza virus?
Orthromyxovirus
69
What pathogen is responsible for influenza?
Influenza virus types A and B
70
What type of change is occurring when SMALL CHAGNES happen to the Ha and Na pieces of the influenza virus resulting in new flu vaccines needing to be formed every year?
Antigenic DRIFT
71
What type of change occurs when BRAND NEW Ha or Na pieces result of the influenza virus?
Antigenic SHIFT
72
What type of viral change is the reason why influenza pandemics occur?
Antigenic shift (brand new Ha or Na protein pieces)
73
How is influenza transmitted?
Inhalation of viruses or by self-inoculation
74
What version of the flu is considered an emerging disease?
H1N1 flu (swine flu)
75
When must anti-virals be administered in a flu infection?
within first 48 h of infection;
76
What are the 2 unique symptoms of bronchitis?
runny nose and nasal congestion
77
The majority (90%) of bronchitis cases are bacterial or viral?
``` 90% = viral 10% = bacterial ```
78
What is the pathogen responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?
Coronavirus (requires BSL-3)
79
What are some significant symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus infection?
Bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing
80
What severe and fatal infection can result from respiratory syncytial virus infection?
Bronchiolitis
81
What pathogen is responsible for respiratory syncytial virus infection?
RSV: respiratory syncytial virus (Pneumovirus)
82
What is believed to be the most common childhood lower respiratory infection?
Respiratory syncytial virus infection
83
Is Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) dangerous?
Often fatal
84
What is the pathogen responsible for Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)?
Hantavirus
85
How is Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome transmitted?
From mice via inhalation of virions in dried mouse urine or feces
86
What condition requires BSL-4 and is considered an emerging disease?
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
87
A "seal-bark" cough is uniquely associated with what viral condition?
Croup
88
What is the cause of croup most of the time?
Parainfluenza virus (75% of cases)
89
What age group is particularly susceptible to croup?
young children
90
Wha is another name for coccidioidomycosis?
San Joaquin valley fever
91
The pathogen Coccidioides immitis is responsible for what condition?
Coccidioidomycosis
92
Where does coccidioidomycosis almost exclusively occur?
Southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico
93
How is coccidioidomycosis acquired?
Fungal spores from soil enter the body through inhalation
94
What can serve as a vehicle of infection for coccidioidomycosis?
Dust from endemic areas and coats materials including tourist items like Native American pots and blankets sold to tourists
95
How is coccidioidomycosis diagnosed?
Presence of spherules in clinical specimens
96
What is another name for Blastomycosis?
Gilchrist's disease
97
Pulmonary Blastomycosis has symptoms similar to what?
Flu
98
Blastomyces dermatitis is the pathogen associated with what condition?
Blastomycosis
99
How is blastomycosis acquired?
Inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores
100
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the pathogen associated with what condition?
Paracoccidioidomycosis
101
Where is paracoccidioidomycosis typically seen?
Southern Mexico and regions of South America
102
How is paracoccidioidomycosis acquired?
Inhalation
103
What is another name for histoplasmosis?
Ohio River Valley disease
104
What is unique about the symptoms of histoplasmosis?
95% asymptomatic
105
What is the most common fungal pathogen affecting humans?
Histoplasma capsulatum
106
What is the pathogen responsible for Pneumocystis Pneumonia?
Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii, PCP)
107
Pneumocystis pneumonia is a common opportunistic fungal infection among what group of people?
AIDS patients
108
Presence of pneumocystic pneumonia is almost diagnostic for what serious condition?
AIDS
109
What is the most common only symptom of aspergillosis? Is it considered an emerging disease?
Allergies | *emerging disease
110
How is aspergillosis acquired?
Inhalation of fungal spores (commonly found on marijuana)

Micro Exam 3 (3 decks)

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