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Paediatrics 👫👶🏼 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Viral infective agents for RTI

A 
Adenovirus
Influenza A, B
Para'flu I, III
RSV
Rhinovirus
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2
Q

Bacterial infective agents for RTI

A 
H. Influenzae
M. Catarrhalis 
(Mycoplasma)
(Staph aureus)
Streptococci
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3
Q

Rhinitis is a prodrome to

A

Pneumonia, bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

Because bacteria is in the nasal mucosa and rhinitis causes a change in environment

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4
Q

Presentation of otitis media

A

Red ear drum

Bulging

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5
Q

Treatment of otitis media

A

Spontaneous rupture resolves symptoms

Antibiotics don’t help - may be slightly quicker benefit but side effects likely diarrhoea or nappy rash

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6
Q

Treatment of tonsillitis/pharyngitis

A

Nothing or 10 days penicillin

NOT AMOXYCILLIN BECAUSE IF HAVE EBV WILL CAUSE WIDESPREAD RASH

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7
Q

Cause of croup

A

Commonly parainfluenza

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8
Q

Treatment of croup

A

Oral dexamethasone

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9
Q

Presentation of croup

A

Coryza++, stridor, hoarse voice, “barking” cough

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10
Q

Presentation of epiglottitis

A

Severely unwell

Toxic

Can’t swallow own saliva - drooling

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11
Q

Treatment of epiglottitis

A

Intubation and antibiotics

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12
Q

What causes epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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13
Q

Why is epiglottitis uncommon

A

Because most are vaccinated for haemophilus B

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14
Q

Tracheitis Presentation

A

Prolonged croup with a FEVER (Hasnt gone away in 12 hour with steroid)

Croup epiglottitis

Biphasic stridor

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15
Q

Treatment of tracheitis

A

Augmentin

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16
Q

Bronchitis

A

Loose rattly cough with URTI

Post-tussive vomit

Chest free of wheeze/creps

Child is very well (parent is worried)

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17
Q

Management of bronchitis

A

Do nothing

Will cause more bother with side effects of antibiotics

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18
Q

Bacterial bronchitis caused by

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A

Pneumococcus and haemophilus

19
Q

Brionchiolitis Presentation

Study These Flashcards
A

LRTI of infants (

20
Q

Cause of bronchiolitis

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A

RSV

Paraflu III

HMPV

21
Q

Management of bronchiolitis

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A

Maximal observation

  • Oxygenated
  • Hydrated
  • Nutrition

Minimal intervention

22
Q

Investigations for bronchiolitis

Study These Flashcards
A

NPA

Oxygen saturations

23
Q

How does LRTI

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A

48 hours, fever, SOB, cough, grunting

Reduced or bronchial breath sounds

May be wheeze

24
Q

Infective agents for LRTI

Study These Flashcards
A

Viruses

Bacterial pneumococcus, mycoplasma, chlamydia

Mixed in

25
Signs of pneumonia
Focal signs Creps High fever
26
Treatment of LRTI
Nothing if symptoms are mild (Always offer review) Oral amoxycillin 1st line Oral macrolide 2nd choice Only IV if vomiting
27
How common is pertussis
"Whooping cough" This is common Vaccination reduces risk and severity
28
Pertussis appearance
Coughing fits Vomiting and colour change (increased abdo pressure)
29
Why use antibiotics in whooping cough
Prevents the spread - makes them less infectious
30
Symptoms of empyema What is it caused by
Chest pain and very unwell Extension of pneumonia infection into pleural space
31
Asthma is...
Wheeze Cough SOB Triggered by exercise, URTI, allergen, cold weather Reversible and responds to asthma treatment
32
Aetiology of asthma
1. Genes 2. Inherently abnormal lungs 3. Early onset atopy 4. Later exposures - rhinovirus - exercise - smoking
33
Symptoms of asthma
Wheeze SOB at rest - "sooking" in of ribs Cough - dry, nocturnal, exertional Often atopy, parental asthma
34
Asthma treatment
Inhaled corticosteroids for 2 months - if they respond they have asthma - if don't they do not
35
When is it not asthma
Isolated cough - bronchitis (2-3, wet cough) - pertussis - habitual cough (8-12, single louf cough) - tracheomalacia (lifelong loud cough)
36
How to measure control of asthma
Short acting beta agonist/week Absence school/nursery Nocturnal symptoms/week Exertional symptoms/week
37
Treatment of asthma step 1
Short acting beta agonists Spacer/MDI or dry powder inhaler
38
Treatment of asthma stage 2
When using inhaled b2 agonist 3 times a week or more Symptomatic 3+ times a week or waking 1 night a week Low dose inhaled corticosterioids (or LTRA in
39
Step 3 of asthma
Potentially increase steroid dose Potentially add trial of leukotriene receptor antagonist or theophylline
40
Step 4 for asthma treatment
4 increase high dose ICS
41
Adverse effects of ICS
Height supression (0.5 to 1cm) Oral candidiasis (if dont wash out mouth after use) Adrenocortical suppression
42
When is dry powder device indicated
> 8s
43
What kind of steroids are used for acute vs management
Oral for acute Chronic/maintenance use inhaled
44
Microscopy of haemophilis influenzae
Gram negative rod

Paediatrics 👫👶🏼 (8 decks)

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