Respiratory

Question 1

What are the primary muscles of respiration (inspiration)

Answer 1

Diaphragm

External intercostal muscles

Question 2

What are the primary muscles of respiration (exhalation)

Answer 2

Interior intercostal muscles
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 3

How many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 3

three lobes

Question 4

How many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 4

two lobes and lingula

Question 5

What vertebral level does the trachea divide into left and right main bronchi

Answer 5

T4/T5

Question 6

Which bronchus is wide, short and vertical

Answer 6

Right main bronchi

Question 7

Which bronchus is long, narrow, horizontal

Answer 7

Left main bronchi

Question 8

how does the fetus partake in gas exchange

Answer 8

Through placenta

Question 9

What causes the closure of the foramen ovale

Answer 9

Relative decrease in pulmonary pressure

Question 10

What is the shape of the chest of a newborn

Answer 10

Round

Question 11

What is the physiological reason for a barrel chest in older adults

Answer 11

Loss of muscle strength in thorax and diaphragm

Question 12

What happens to the alveoli in older adults

Answer 12

Become less elastic causing fatigue and dyspena on exertion

Question 13

What is the colour range of sputum

Answer 13

Clear, thin (normal) to Orange/rust and thick

Question 14

Why would a patient use a CPAP machiene

Answer 14

They have Sleep apneia

Question 15

What condition puts a patient at a higher risk of developing a pulmonary embolism

Answer 15

Diabetes

Pregnancy

Question 16

What is the common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants

Answer 16

Lack of pulmonary surfactant

Question 17

How does a pregnancy affect a woman’s ability to breath

Answer 17

The uterus displaces the diaphragm (big baby)

Too much amniotic fluid in uterus makes it too big (polyhydramnios)

Question 18

What is the order to exam the lungs

Answer 18

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscaltation

Question 19

What should you look for when inspecting the chest

Answer 19

Shape + symmetry
Movement of chest wall
Rib prominence
Sternal protrusion
Spinal deviaiton

Question 20

What peripheral clues may suggest pulmonary or cardiac difficulties

Answer 20

Fingers: clubbing
Breath: bad odor
Skin, nails: cyanosis + pallor
Lips: Pursing
Nostrils: Flaring

Question 21

What is the normal rate of respiration

Answer 21

12-20 breaths/min

Question 22

What is Kussmaul breathing

Answer 22

Deep labored breathing, often associated with severe metabolic acidosis

Question 23

What is Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Answer 23

Progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing followed by a gradual decrease

Question 24

What is Biot respiration

Answer 24

Quick shallow breaths followed by periods of apnea

Question 25

What is paradoxic breathing

Answer 25

Lower thorax is drawn in on inspiration and dawn out on expiration

Question 26

What is Crepitus

Answer 26

Crackling that can be palpated and herd Indicates air in subcutaneous tissue

Question 27

What is Friction rub

Answer 27

Palpable, coarse, grating vibration on inspiration

Question 28

What is the vibration of the chest wall that results from speech

Answer 28

Tactile fremitus

Question 29

What is the noise herd when percussing the chest

Answer 29

Resonance

Question 30

What does hyper-resonance indicate when percussing the chest wall

Answer 30

Hyperinflation

Question 31

What does dullness indicate when percussing the chest wall

Answer 31

Diminished air exchange | Consolidation

Question 32

What are the low-pitched, low-intensity sounds heard from healthy lungs

Answer 32

Vesicular

Question 33

What are moderate pitch, moderate intensity heard over the major bronchi

Answer 33

Bronchovesicular

Question 34

What are high pitched, high intensity sounds heard over the trachea

Answer 34

Bronchial

Question 35

What sound is often heard with a large stiff walled pulmonary cavity or tension pneumothorax

Answer 35

Amorphic

Question 36

What sound is often heard over a pulmonary cavity in which the wall is rigid

Answer 36

Cavernous

Question 37

What sound is continuous, high pitched and is heard when air is forced through a small ariway

Answer 37

WHeezes

Question 38

What sound is caused by the passage of air through an airway obstructed by thick secretions

Answer 38

Rhonchi

Question 39

What sound occurs outside the respiratory tree, low-pitched, grating sound

Answer 39

Friction rub

Question 40

What causes an increase in Tactile frematus side to side

Answer 40

Consolidation

Question 41

On the side of consolidation what is to be expected when examining the lungs

Answer 41

``` Tactile frematus = Increase vibration Percussion = Dull Auscaltation = Louder more intense Vocal Resonance = Easy to hear Egophany (patient says E, but sounds like A) ```

Question 42

Condition where puss is outsidde of the lungs

Answer 42

Epmyema

Question 43

Differences between atalactais and pneumothorax

Answer 43

``` Atalactasis = segmental collapse, no change in shape Pneumothorax = Air presses/collapses the lung becuacse its in the pleural space ```

Question 44

What type of pneumothorax is likely to walk into your office

Answer 44

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 45

what body shape is commonly associated with spontaneous penumothorax

Answer 45

Tall and skinny | Marfan syndrome

Question 46

Tumor in the apex of the lung

Answer 46

Pancost tumor (broncogenic carcinoma)

Question 47

Two common types of Bronchitis

Answer 47

Influenza | Viral pneumoia

Question 48

What is the difference between Mucus produced in TB and a bacterial infxn that causes bleeding

Answer 48

TB = Red/ blood streaked | Bacterial with bleeding = Orange/rusty

Question 49

what is the procedure to remove mucus from a cystic fibrosis patient

Answer 49

Tapotment

Question 50

What are physical signs of epigloittis

Answer 50

Tripod position | Drooling