BS
Breath sounds
IT
Inhalation therapy
R(resp)
Respirations
SOB
Shortness of breath
Unk
Unknown
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
P
After
Trach
Tracheotomy
WLN
Within normal limits
Nas/o
Nose
Or/o
Mouth
Bronchi/o, bronch/o
Bronchial
Tube
-rrhage, -rrhagia
Bleeding, abnormal excessive bleeding discharge
Rhin/o
Nose
Pleur/o
Pleura
Trache/o, trache/I
Trachea, windpipe
Thora/o, thorac/o
Chest
-ia
Abnormal condition
-pnea
Breathing
Hyper
Excessive, increased
-scopy
Visual examination
Tachy-
Fast, rapid
-a, -e, -is
Noun ending
Aspir/o, aspirat/o
To breathe in
Cili/o
Eyelashes, hair like projections
Pharyng/o
Throat, pharynx
Laryng/o
Larynx, voice box
-itis
Inflammation of
Sin/o, sin/u
Sinus
-rrhea
Abnormal flow, discharge
-algia
Painful condition
Hemo
Blood
Pnuem/o, pnuemon/o
Lung, air
Dys-
Bad, difficult, painful
-pneic
Pertaining to breathing
Hypo
Deficient, decreased
Brady
Slow
Epiglott/o
Epiglottis
-ion
Condition
-al
Pertaining to
A-
No, not, without, away from, negative
Nasopharynx
Nose throat
Laryngopharnyx
Voice box, throat
Pharyngorrhagia
Bleeding from the pharynx
Rhinorrhea
Abnormal discharge from the nose
Tracheorrhagia
Bleeding from the trachea
Pneumonia
Abnormal condition of the lungs
Dyspena
Difficult/painful breathing
Bronchoscopy
Examination of the bronchioles
Epiglottis
Flap that covers larynx
Cilia
Small hairs in the nasal cavity
Hypopnea
Shallow breathing
Apnea
Inability to breathe
Oropharynx
Mouth throat
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus
Pleuralgia
Pain in the pleura
Hemothorax
Blood in the chest
Hyperpena
Increased breathing
Pneumorrhagia
Bleeding in the lungs
Hyperpnea
Increased breathing
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
Aspiration
Breathing
Tachypnea
Fast breathing
Orthopnea
Abnormally deep breathing
Main organ of the respiration system
Lungs
Space between the two pleurae
Pleural cavity
Breathing, exchange of air between the body and the outside environment
External respiration
Wind pipe
Trachea
Difficultly in breathing when lying down
Orthopnea
One celled, thin walled cluster of air sacs at the end of the bronchiole tube
Alveoli
Double layer membrane on the outside of the lung
Pleurae
Passageways through which air moves in and out of lungs
Respiratory tract
Bringing of oxygen to the cells and the removal of carbon dioxide
Internal respiration
Voice box
Larynx
Cheyne-strokes respiration
Irregular breathing patterns, apnea followed by deep labored breathing
The cells of our body must have __________ in order to live
Oxygen
The lung provides the body with _____ and eliminates _____
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
The outer layer of the membrane
Parietal pleura
The inner layer of the membrane
Visceral pleura
Pleura provides:
Protection and moisture
Right lung has _____ lobes
3
The left lungs has ___ lobes
2
Brings air into the mouth or nose
Inspiration or inhalation
Small hairs that filter foreign bodies
Cilia
Air passes through the _________ and the ______ and is warmed by
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Blood in the mucous membrane
The throat or pharynx has ____ sections
3
What are the three sections of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Orophraynx
Laryngopharnyx
This contains the pharyngeal tonsils
Nasopharynx
Contains the palatine tonsils
Orophraynx
Passsageway for food and is part of the digestive system
Esophagus
When you swallow and inhale at the same time, pulling food into the larynx (choking)
Aspiration
The place where air passes to the trachea and goes in the larynx to make speech/sound
Larynx or voice box
What determines the pitch of sound?
Thickness of cords and size
Males have thicker and longer vocal cords so:
They produce a lower pitch
Thyroid cartilage or _______ supports the larynx
Adam’s apple
A tube that connects the larynx to the right and left bronchi
Trachea or windpipe
Passageways through which air enters the lungs
Bronchi
The smallest passageways through which air travels
Bronchioles
Alveoli connect:
To small blood vessels known as capillaries
Oxygen exchange takes place in the ________ and is sent from the capillaries to the _________
Alveoli
Blood stream
Increase and decrease volume of thoracic cavity
Muscle contractions
Major muscles:
Diaphragm and intercostal
The diaphragm lowers when it ________ allowing ________________
Contracts
More space in the thoracic cavity
The intercostal made pull ___________ enlarging the _________
Ribs upward and out
Thoracic cavity
Can occur over a long period of time, allergies, dust infections
Etiology bronchitis
Increase in secretions from mucous membranes, obstructive breathing
Symptoms bronchitis
Rest, fluids, cold syrups, antibiotics
Treatment bronchitis
Any disease that causes chronic obstruction of bronchial tubes
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Allergies, pollutants, smoking; can be from bronchitis, emphysema
COPD etiology
Shortness of breath, difficultly breathing, coughing, wheezing
COPD symptoms
Prevention, quit smoking, developing healthy lifestyle
COPD treatment
Viral infection of part of or all of the entire upper respiratory tract
Upper respiratory infection
Highly contagious exposure to infection, sharing utensils, airborne droplets
Upper respiratory infection cause
Sneezing, watery eyes, sore throat, cough
Upper respiratory infection symptoms
No cure, plenty of floods and rest, cold medicine
Upper respiratory infection treatment
Highly infectious disease in the lungs, spread through droplets
TB
Caused by bacteria called bacilli that invade the lungs and cause small swellings and inflammation
TB cause
Coughing, fatigue, chills, fever, chest pain
TB symptoms
Prevention with vaccination and medicines
TB treatment
Bronchial airway obstruction
Asthma
Allergy, infection, anxiety, activity
Asthma cause
Wheezing, coughing, difficulty breathing
Asthma symptoms
Inhaler, reduce intensity of exercise, exercise where there is moisture in air (swimming)
Asthma treatment
Coughing up blood from lungs or bronchial tubes
Hemoptysis
Chronic lung disease, TB, lung cancer, or trauma
Hemoptysis etiology
Cough and blood comes out
Hemoptysis symptoms
With large amounts of blood it is a medical emergency, gas exchange cannot take place in the capillaries. Must stop the cause of bleeding
Hemoptysis treatment
Nosebleed, rupture of blood vessel in the nose
Epistaxis
Trauma
Epistaxis etiology
Bleeding from one or both nostrils, spitting out/tasting blood
Epistaxis symptoms
Tilt head forwards, pinch nostril, apply cold pack
Epistaxis treatment
Black lung
Anthracosis
Coal dust in the lungs
Anthracosis etiology
No early symptoms, coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing
Anthracosis symptoms
No cure, help with the symptoms to make the patient feel better
Anthracosis treatment
Unable to exhale all the air from the lungs
Emphysema
Smoking, manufacturing fumes, air pollutants
Emphysema etiology
Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath with slight exertion
Emphysema symptoms
No cure once lung damage occurs, quit smoking, medications, oxygen
Emphysema treatment
Leading cause of death in both genders
Lung cancer
Exposure to carcinogens, smoking, can just be fate
Lung cancer causes
Hemoptysis, dyspnea, weight loss, chest pain
Lung cancer symptoms
Surgery, chemo, radiation, or a combo of treatments
Lung cancer treatments
Inflammation and infection of the lungs; alveoli fill with fluid
Pneumonia
Bacterial virus, fungi, low immune system
Pneumonia etiology
Shortness of breath, fever, cough, chest pain, fatigue
Pneumonia symptoms
Penicillin or antibiotics
Pneumonia treatment
Inflammation of the pleura
Pleurisy
Other infections, certain medications
Pleurisy etiology
Sharp stabbing pain while breathing, dyspnea, fever, grating sounds in lungs when breathing
Pleurisy symptoms
First treat the infection with antibiotics. Pain killers and anti inflammatory drugs
Pleurisy treatment
_____% of carbon dioxide is in plasma
70%
1% of oxygen is dissolved in ________
Plasma
What are the four stages of respiration?
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Respiratory gas transport
Internal respiration
3 jobs of conducting zone
Transports, purifies, and humidifies air
What happens in the respiratory zone?
Gas exchange occurs