Respiratory Flashcards

Question

Mediastinitis

Answer 1

Trachea pushed FORWARD

Answer 2

Associated with hyperinflation may indicate emphysema, pneumothorax, asthma

Answer 3

PNA, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumo, asthma | Excess of heart (cardiac dullness)

Answer 4

Normal 3-5 cm

Answer 5

Heard over most of the lung fields | Low pitch, soft, short

Answer 6

Over main bronchus area and over upper right posterior lung field Medium pitch expiration = inspiration

Answer 7

Heard only over trachea High pitch Loud, long expiration, sometimes more than inspiration

Answer 8

High-pitched

Answer 9

Low-pitched

Answer 10

Sonourous wheeze Deeper, more rumbling, pronounced during expiration tend to DISAPPEAR after cough

Answer 11

High-pitched, discrete | End of inspiration

Answer 12

Loud, bubbly | During inspiration

Answer 13

Mediastinal crunch found with mediastinal emphysema | Loud crackles, clicking, gurgling

Answer 14

Extreme in the presence of lung consolidation | Even a whisper heard clearly and intelligibly

Answer 15

Nasal quality e becomes stuffy broad a Consolidation of lung

Answer 16

HR, respiratory effort, muscle tone, response to catheter in nostril, color

Answer 17

Tachypnea, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions Tachycardia, diminished fremitus Occasional hyper resonance, occasional limited diaphragmatic descent Prolonged expiration, wheezes, diminished LS

Answer 18

Delayed/diminished chest wall movement, narrow intercostal spaces on affected side, tachypnea Diminished fremitus, apical impulse and trachea deviated to affected side Dullness over affected lung Upper lobe: bronchial breathing, epiphany, whispered pectoriloquy Lower lobe: diminished or absent LS Wheezes, rhonchi, crackles

Answer 19

Tachypnea, respiratory distress, hyperinflation, clubbing | Crackles, coarse, rhonchi

Answer 20

Occasional tachypnea, occasional shallow breathing Resonance Occasional crackles, exp wheezes, rhonchi

Answer 21

Respiratory distress, audible wheeze, cyanosis, distended neck veins (RHF), clubbing Limited diaphragm movement Somewhat diminished vocal fremitus Occasional hyper resonance Postpertussive rhonchi (sonorous wheeze) and sibilant wheeze Inspirational crackles LS dim

Answer 22

``` Tachypnea, deep breathing, pursed lips, barrel chest, thin Liver displaced down Diminished remits Hyperresonance Limited descent of diaphragm Dim LS Dim heart sounds Occasional adventitious LS ```

Answer 23

Diminished and delayed respiratory movement on affected side Cardiac apical and impulse trachea shift to OPPOSITE side Tachycardia Dullness to flatness Hyperresonant in area superior to effusion Dim to absent LS Broncophony, whispered pecteriloquy Egophany and/or crackles in area superior to effusion Occasional friction rub

Answer 24

Tachypnea, shallow, flaring nostrils occasional cyanosis, splinting Increased fremitus at consolidation empyema or pleural effusion, tachypnea, dullness, Crackles with occasional rhonchi Bronchial LS Egophany, broncophany, whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 25

Tachycardia, cyanosis, respiratory distress, bulging intercostal spaces, respiratory lag on affected side, tracheal deviation with tension pneumonia Dim to absent remits, apical impuse, trachea, mediastinum shift to SAME side, tachycardia, subQ crepitus from air leak Hyperresonance Dim to absent LS Succession splash audible if air and fluid mix Sternal and precordial clicks and crackling (Hamman sign) if air underlies that area Dim to absent whispered voice sounds

Answer 26

Small airway obstruction due to inflammation and hyperreactive airways Acute episodes triggered by allergens, anxiety, cold air, exercise, URI, cigarettes Results in mucosal edema, increased secretions, bronchoconstriction with increased airway resistance Episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea CP/tightness Episodes for minutes, hours, days Tachypnea, paroxysmal coughing with wheezing on expiration and inspiration Hypoxemia Decreased peak expiratory flow rate

Answer 27

Incomplete expansion of the lung/collapse Compression (exudate, tumors) or resorption of gas from the alveoli in presence of airway obstruction Loss of elastic recoil of lung d/t thoracic or abdominal surgery, plug, exudate, foreign body Sx of post PNA Consolidation

Answer 28

``` Inflammation of large airways Increased mucus secretion Acute bronchitis d/t infection Chronic bronchitis d/t irritant Fever, CP, cough Hacking, nonproductive cough ```

Answer 29

Inflammatory process involving the visceral and parietal pleura Result of infection or connective tissues disease (SLE), neoplasm, asbestos Sudden onset CP with breath (pleuritic) Rubbing of pleural surface felt by patient Referred shoulder pain to affected side Rapid shallow dim LS Pleural friction rub Fever

Answer 30

Excessive non-purulent fluid in the pleural space Infection, HF, renal insufficiency, connective tissue disease, neoplasm, trauma Cough, progressive dyspnea Pleuritic CP with inflammatory effusion Dullness, tactile fremitus Fluid may be mobile

Answer 31

Purulent exudative fluid collected in the pleural space Non-free-flowing purulent fluid collection develops most commonly from adjacent infected or traumatized tissues PNA, pneumo, bronchopleural fistula may develop Febrile, tachypnic, cough, CP, ill Cough with blood or sputum Distant/absent LS Dull percussion Pleural opacity that does not flow freely

Answer 32

Well-defined, inflammatory, purulent mass can develop central necrosis Aspiration of food or infection material (dental) Malaise, fever, SOB Percussion dull, pleural friction fut Cough purulent, foul sputum

Answer 33

Inflammatory response of bronchioles and alveoli to infective agent Acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma may be due to different organisms Inflammatory exudate leads to lung consolidation Rapid (hours to days) Cough, pleuritic CP Chill, fever, N/V RLL can involve nerves and involve RLQ of ABD Crackles and rhonchi Dullness

Answer 34

Viral infection of lung Susceptible to secondary bacterial infection Interstitial inflammation and necrosis throughout the bronchiolar and alveolar tissue Cough, fever, malaise, HA, coryza, mild sore throat Crackles, rhonchi, tachypnea

Answer 35

Chronic Tubercle bacillus inhaled Potential for post primary spread locally or systemically Latent then active Acive: fever, cough, weight loss, night sweats, consolidation, pleural effusion, blood streaked sputum

Answer 36

Air or gas in the pleural cavity Trama, spontaneous Large collection of air causes CP, dyspnea Unexplained, persistent tachycardia

Answer 37

Air leaks continually into the pleural space resulting in a life threatening emergency from increased P in pleural space Mediastinal shift with tracheal deviation away from involved side

Answer 38

``` Blood in the pleural cavity Trauma or medical procedure (thora, central line, pleural biopsy) Dyspnea, lightheadedness Distant or absent LS Percussion dull Tachycardia, hypotension ```

Answer 39

Air is present with the blood of hemothorax

Answer 40

Bronchogenic carcinoma, malignant from bronchial epithelium Tobacco, asbestos, radiation Cough, wheeze, emphysema, atelectasis, pneumonitis, hemoptysis May develop malignant pleural effusion

Answer 41

Embolic occlusion of pulmonary arteries R/f: age, DVT, surgery, heart dz ,CA, fracture of pelvis or leg, obesity Pleuritic CP with or without dyspnea Low grade T, isolated tachycardia, hypoxia

Answer 42

Imperfectly structure diaphragm 1/2000 live births BS heard in the chest Heart displaced right Tachypnea, retraction, grunting

Answer 43

Autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands involving lungs, pancreas, sweat glands Thich mucus clogs bronchi, bronchioles Bronchiectasis from cyst formation Cough with sputum in child < 5 years is halmark Child's skin "tastes salty" Malabsorption, bulky stool, constipation, weight gain, meconium ileum, obstruction Barrel chest Nasal polyps Low BMI Clubbing, pulmonary HTN, cor pulmonale

Answer 44

``` Acute, life threatening esp. following H flu infection Children 3-7 Drools High fever Beefy red epiglottis ```

Answer 45

``` Laryngotracheal bronchitis Infection with virus (parainfluenza), child 1.5-3 years Subglottic infection (laryngotracheobronchitis) Aspirated foreign body may mimic croup UTI Child awakes with harsh, barking cough Stridor (inspiratory) Restless, irritable Fever sometimes, no drooling ```

Answer 46

Lack of rigidity or floppy trachea/airway Tends to be benign, grow out of it Noisy breathing or wheezing in infany R/o fixed lesion, vascular lesion, tracheal stenosis, foreign body

Answer 47

Bronchiolar inflammation leading to hyperinflammation of lungs commonly in infants <6 months Repiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus URI Poor feeding, vomit, diarrhea, lethargy, anxious Rapid, short, wheezing, grunting, dim LS AMS Increased AP diameter Hyperresonant

Answer 48

``` Lose elasticity and alveoli enlarge Extensive smoking history Chronic bronchitis is a precursor Alveolar gas is trapped in expiration Infrequent cough without much sputum Barrel chest Overinflated lungs are hyper resonant Prolong expiratory effort ```

Answer 49

``` Chronic dilation of the bronchi/bronchioles by repeated pulmonary infection and bronchiole obstruction CF Cough with large amounts of sputum Severe hemoptysis Tachypnea, clubbing Crackles, rhonchi ```

Answer 50

Large airway inflammation chronic irritant exposure > 40 Chronically inflamed leading to mucus Smoking hx Recurrent bacterial infection Dyspnea (mild) Cough and sputum (large) Wheezing, crackles Hyperinflation with decreased LS and flat diaphragm May cause Right sided heart failure with edema

Respiratory Flashcards

(81 cards)