Respiratory Flashcards

Question

Risk factors of COPD? (4)

Answer 1

Smoking 90% A1 trypsin deficiency Age air pollution/occupational dusst

Answer 2

``` SOB Chronic Cough Chest pain Wheeze Recurrent chest infections ```

Answer 3

``` Hyperinflation, hyperresonant tachypnoeic accessory muscles pursed lip breathing Co2 flap/ cyanosis if severe ```

Answer 4

``` Asthma Pneumonia Lung cancer Bronchiectasis TV CHF ```

Answer 5

``` CXR - flattened hemidiaphragms and hyperinflation Spirometry ABG FBC - polycythaemia ECG - cor pulmonale ```

Answer 6

Salbutamol, Ipatropium Bromide Salmeterol, Tiotropium bromide (longer acting) Inhaled steroids Oral steroids Mucolytics for chronic cough eg carbocysteine Doxycycline for acute exacerbatins (infections)

Answer 7

Air in pleura resulting in lung collapse on the affected side?

Answer 8

primary sponty secondary sponty tension

Answer 9

Sponty rupture of a sub plural bullae

Answer 10

These are caused by underlying lung conditiosn including: Asthma, COPD, TB, CF

Answer 11

Trauma and creation of the one way valve. MEDICAL EMERGENCY

Answer 12

``` White, blonde, skinny, tall Lung disease Marfans Smoking Fam hx ```

Answer 13

Acute pluritic chest pain SOB Dyspnoea

Answer 14

``` small can = asymptomatic Hyperesonant unilateral Decrease voacal resonance Decrease ae tenstion - Tracheal deviation away, HR up ```

Answer 15

Chest x ray but dont wait if think tension.

Answer 16

2nd intercostal space wide bore cannula mid clavicular line

Answer 17

Insertion of chest drain in safe triangle (cba to learn borders)

Answer 18

Good but recurrence high 54 %

Answer 19

Small-cell | Non-small cell

Answer 20

Also called out cell carcinoma Highly malignant and often inoperable the presentation Originate from kulchitsky cells

Answer 21

Arise from epithelium cells Cause obstructive lesions of the bronchus Local spread common metastasises late

Answer 22

Increased risk smokers Arise from mucus cells in Bronchus epithelium Often metastasised to brain and bone

Answer 23

Just less differentiated types of large cell and squamous cell

Answer 24

Slow growing neuroendocrine tumour | Arise from kulchitsky cells

Answer 25

Smoking asbestos radiation age history of cancer

Answer 26

``` Cough, haemoptysis Weight loss Chest pain Dyspnoea Lethargy ```

Answer 27

Cache is Anaemia Supraclavicular or axillary lymph adenopathy Bone/liver problems

Answer 28

Triple screen Chest x-ray for cancer causing symptoms Pet scan looking for mets CT looking for lymphadenopathy/spread (Bronchoscope, bloods - anemia, lft

Answer 29

Can try chemotherapy but often palliative radio therapy and chemotherapy with analgesia

Answer 30

Surgical reception Radiotherapy/chemotherapy Gefitinib if EGFR TK mutation

Answer 31

Pancoast tumour

Answer 32

Brain bone liver

Answer 33

Severe chest infection with x-ray changes and associated fever and chest symptoms

Answer 34

Lobar | Diffuse

Answer 35

Streptococcus pneumonia Haemophilia influenza Moxarella catarrhalis

Answer 36

Gram negative organisms Staphylococcus aureus Viruses

Answer 37

Pneumonia 48 hours after hospital admission

Answer 38

Cavitating pneumonia

Answer 39

``` Age Viral infection is Smoking Immunocompromised Hospitalised Alcohol IVD staphylococcus aureus ```

Answer 40

``` Cough Fever/ anorexia/ rigor Shortness of breath Dyspnoea Pleuritic pain ```

Answer 41

``` Confusion Urea above seven Respect for you rate above 30 Blood pressure below 90 Age > 65 ```

Answer 42

``` Pyrexial Cyanosis Confusion Consolidation - dull, increase vocal resonance Tachycardia tachypnoeic Fine crackles if pleural effusion Hypotension ```

Answer 43

Plural effusion Simple day Asthma Bronchiectasis

Answer 44

Chest x-ray - consolidation +- effusion Bloods - wcc up, crp esr cultures if think sepsis Sputum MC and s

Answer 45

0-1 treat at home 2 - treat at hospital More than 3 treat in ICU ( it's outta 5)

Answer 46

Amoxicillin clarithromycin doxycycline co a,oxiclavTazocin

Answer 47

Pipperocillin and tazobactam

Answer 48

Long-term condition were weight of the long become widened and leads to build up an excess mucus and therefore increased risk of infection. Often an endpoint of various condition because airway inflammation.

Answer 49

Fluid in the plural space more than 500 mils to be symptomatic

Answer 50

Transudate and exudate

Answer 51

Less than 25 g/L of protein Normally due to Venus leakage Due to stuff like heart failure, pericarditis, fluid overload Can be due to hypoproteinaemia from liver problems

Answer 52

More than 25 g/L of protein Normally due to leaky capillaries in information Can because by pneumonia TB, pe

Answer 53

Often asymptomatic Dyspnoe Pleuritic chest pain

Answer 54

``` Fine crackles the lung bases Stony Delph to pick us Decreased vocal resonance D crease Chest expansion If v big - tracheal deviation, mediastinal shift ```

Answer 55

X Ray- meniscus, costophrenic angles lost Water dense shadow Diagnostic aspiration Go two intercostal space above the border of effusion and suck some out

Answer 56

Effusion has pH less than 7.2

Answer 57

Treat underlying cause obviously Drain if symptomatic If it keeps happening do pleurodesis which is basically where are you a obliterate the pleural space

Answer 58

Obstruction of a vessel within the pulmonary tree usually caused by a DVT

Answer 59

``` Usually caused by DVT Can be caused by a different type of embolism Amniotic fluid From central line Fat from surgery Embolism from endocarditis vegetation ```

Answer 60

Blood constituent Blood vessels Blood flow

Answer 61

Causes a VQ miss match and there is ventilation but no perfusion therefore increase of dead space and Decrease gas exchange After a few hours lung stops producing lung surfactant and collapse ensues Pulmonary htn causes cardiovascular difficulty

Answer 62

Pleuritic chest pain Coughing up blood Syncope Dyspnoea

Answer 63

``` Tachypnoea Tachycardia Hypotension Right ventricular heave Raised JVP Hypoxia Gallop pulse ```

Answer 64

Pulmonary coronary angiogram D dimer Ultrasound to look for clots ABGECG

Answer 65

``` Low molecular weight heparin e.g. tinzaparin Consider thrombolysis (streptokinase/alteplase) ```

Answer 66

ABCDE assessment 02 15L non rebreathe Invasive/non invasive ventilation if required Morphine 5mg plus anti-emetic 10mg metoclopramide IV access to Widebore cannulas Low molecular weight heparin

Answer 67

Fibrosis and loss of elasticities of the lungs due to lung damage

Answer 68

Restrictive

Answer 69

Replacement due to long damage Extrinsic alveolitis due to hypersensitivity Granulomatous disease e.g. sarcoidosis Radio active exposure

Answer 70

``` Cyanosed not breathless Alveoli the hypoperfused Low oxygen high CO2 Rely on hypoxia drive to breathe and keep going May develop cor pulmonary ```

Answer 71

Alveoli hyperperfused Not cyanosed but breathless May progress to type 1 reps failure

Respiratory Flashcards

(96 cards)