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RUSVM Large Animal Surgery Final > Respiratory > Flashcards

Flashcards in Respiratory Deck (20)
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1
Q

In a resting horse, which fraction of the total resistance to airflow is in the upper airway?

a. 1/3
b. 1/2
c. 2/3
d. 3/4

A

c. 2/3

2
Q

Videoendoscopy with the patient at rest allows diagnosis of all the following upper respiratory disturbances except…

a. arytenoid chondritis
b. axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds
c. persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate
d. persistent epiglottic entrapment

A

a. arytenoid chondritis

3
Q

The intrinsic musculature of the pharynx includes all of the following except the…

a. tensor veli palatini
b. levator veli palatini
c. palatopharyngeus
d. hyoepiglotticus

A

d. hyoepiglotticus

4
Q

Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the pharynx is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve?

a. genioglossus
b. sternohyoideus
c. thyrohyoideus
d. sternothyroideus

A

c. thyrohyoideus

5
Q

Rostral pharyngeal collapse has been experimentally reproduced by transecting the tendon of the _______ muscle.

a. tensor veli palatini
b. palatopharyngeus
c. stapharyngeus
d. palatinus

A

a. tensor veli palatini

6
Q

Staphylectomy, epiglottic augmentation, rostral palatoplasty, and sternohyoides/sternothyroideus myectomy are all treatments for…

a. rostral pharyngeal collapse
b. nasopharyngeal cicatrix
c. dorsal pharyngeal collapse
d. DDSP

A

d. DDSP

7
Q

Dysfunction of the _____ muscle causes collapse of the pharyngeal roof during dorsal pharyngeal collapse.

a. palatopharyngeus
b. stylopharyngeus caudalis
c. palatinus
d. sternohyoideus

A

b. stylopharyngeus caudalis

8
Q

Which of the following is not acceptable treatment for nasopharyngeal cicatrix?

a. antiinflammatory meds
b. transendoscopic laser transaction
c. permanent tracheostomy
d. partial arytenoidectomy

A

d. partial arytenoidectomy

9
Q

Which upper respiratory disturbance may predispose a horse to DDSP as a result of inflammation of the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve?

a. pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia
b. elongated soft palate
c. subepiglottic cyst
d. epiglottic hypoplasia

A

a. pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia

10
Q

What is the maximal length that should be removed from the soft palate during staphylectomy for correction of DDSP?

a. 2mm
b. 5mm
c. 7mm
d. 10mm

A

b. 5mm

11
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle provides arytenoid abduction by drawing the dorsomedial margins of the arytenoid cartilages together?

a. the cricoarytenoideus lateralis
b. the arytenoideus transversus
c. the thyroarytenoideus
d. the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

A

b. arytenoideus transversus

12
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve?

a. the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
b. the arytenoideus transversus
c. the cricothyroideus
d. the thyroarytenoideus

A

c. cricothyroideus

13
Q

A remnant of the thyroglossal duct is thought to cause…

a. dorsal epiglottic abscessation
b. subepiglottic granulomas
c. epiglottis
d. subepiglottic cysts

A

d. subepiglottic cysts

14
Q

Alone, which recommended treatment for RLN does not improve upper airway noise or return to upper respiratory airflow mechanics to baseline values?

a. laryngoplasty
b. bilateral ventriculocordectomy
c. unilateral laser vocal cordectomy
d. none of the above

A

b. bilateral ventriculocordectomy

15
Q

Laryngoplasty failure can be corrected by…

a. partial arytenoidectomy
b. ventriculectomy
c. bilateral ventriculocordectomy
d. unilateral laser vocal cordectomy

A

a. partial arytenoidectomy

16
Q

What is the approximate success rate of partial arytenoidectomy in treating arytenoid chondritis in a racing Thoroughbred?

a. 20-30%
b. 40-50%
c. 60-80%
d. 85-95%

A

c. 60-80%

17
Q

Which upper airway disturbance is thought to be caused by a developmental abnormality of the fourth branchial arch?

a. a subepiglottic cyst
b. axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds
c. epiglottic retroversion
d. rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch

A

d. rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch

18
Q

Which nerve/muscle combination is used when performing a neuromuscular-pedicle graft to treat RLN?

a. hypoglossal nerve/hyoepiglotticus muscle
b. first cervical nerve/omohyoideus muscle
c. external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve/cricothyroideus muscle
d. external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve/thyroideus muscle

A

b. first cervical nerve/omohyoideus

19
Q

Which of the following is not a complication of surgical correction of epiglottic entrapment?

a. reentrapment
b. dorsal displacement of the soft palate
c. laceration of the epiglottis
d. epiglottic retroversion

A

d. epiglottic retroversion

20
Q

Which of the following disorders results in distortion of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage, causing decreased arytenoid cartilage abduction, axial displacement of the arytenoid cartilage, and rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch?

a. axial deviation of aryepiglottic folds
b. rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch
c. arytenoid chondritis
d. dorsal epiglottic abscessation

A

c. arytenoid chonrditis