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Respiratory Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

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2
Q

temporary cessation of breathing

A

apnea

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3
Q

a larger than normal breath occuring automatically @recurring intervals to counter the collapse of alveoli ; initially deep inspiration

A

Sigh

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4
Q

exagerated sigh

A

Yawning

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5
Q

Yawning

A

reflex if there is an increased need for Oxygen, Boredom, primitive warning sign for lower animals

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6
Q

increase in respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea/Polypnea

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7
Q

Tachypnea

A

reflex in origin

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8
Q

increase in rate and depth of respiration; matches increased metabolic demands

A

hyperpnea

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9
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Exercise

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10
Q

inc rate and depth of respi exceeding metabolic demand

A

hyperventilation

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11
Q

hyperventilation

A

high altitudes

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12
Q

difficulty in breathing, conscious effort for increased reapiration

A

Dyspnea

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13
Q

Dyspnea

A

pulmonary congestion in early stages of pneumonia and left heart failure

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14
Q

intense stimulation of respiratory; extremely deep rapid breathing

A

Kussmaul Respiration

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15
Q

Kussmaul Respiration

A

metabolic acidosis; H concentration is the most powerful stimulant for respiratory center

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16
Q

dec in rate and depth of respiration

A

Hypoventilation

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17
Q

Hypoventilation

A

compensation for metabolic alkalosis

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18
Q

dyspnea in recumbent position

A

orthopnea

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19
Q

Orthopnea

A

pulmonary congestion/edema from left heart failure, obesity, and severe pneumonia

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20
Q

regular irregularity; cycles of gradual increase then plateau, then gradual decrease in tidal volumes

A

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

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21
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

bilateral cortical disease, congestive heart failure, sleep @high altitudes

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22
Q

breaths of equal reapiration followed by unequal periods of apnea; irregular irregularity

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A

Biot’s Respiration

23
Q

Biot’s Repiration

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A

medullary or pontine lesions

24
Q

maximal brief inspiratory efforts separated by long periods of expiration

25
Gasping
severe anoxia; terminal brain stem lesions
26
prolonged inspirations separated by brief expiration; rare in humans
Apneusis
27
Apneusis
lesion in pneumotaxic center
28
Hering-Breuer Inflation reflex
Lung inflation Stretch receptors in airways Apnea/Decreased respiration; Bronchodilation
29
Hering- Breuer Deflation Reflex
Lung deflation J ,irritant, Stretch receptors (in airways) Hyperpnea; sigh response
30
Paradoxic Reflex of Head
Lung inflation Stretch receptors in lung Further inspiration, sigh response
31
Sneeze reflex
Irritant @ nose Receptors at nasal mucosa Sneeze, bronchoconstriction, rise in BP, nasal congestion
32
Cough reflex
Irritant beyond nose Receptors in upper airways Cough, bronchoconstriction
33
Diving Reflex
Immersion of face in water Receptors in nasal mucosa and face Apnea, dec heart rate, vasoconstriction
34
Pharyngeal dilator reflex
Neg pressure in upper airway Receptors in nose, mouth, and upper airways Constriction of pharyngeal dilator muscles
35
Pulmonary chemoreflex
+ drugs in pulmonary circulation J receptors on walls of pulmonary capillaries Apnea/Tachypnea, bronchoconstriction
36
Arterial chemoreceptor reflex
Low alveolar pO2 and low pH Peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies Hyperpnea, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia
37
Arterial barorceptor reflex
Rise in systemic BP baroreceptors in carotid and aortic sinuses Apnea, vasodilation, bronchodilation, bradycardia
38
Reflex from muscles, tendon, joint
M&T- stretch; J- movement M(muscle spindle); T(golgi tendon organ); J(proprioreceptors) Hyperpnea
39
Reflex due to pain
Any form of somatic pain Nociceptors (a delta and c fibers) Hyperpnea, vasoconstriction, tachycardia
40
low ventilation-perfusion ratio
dec ventilation, normal perfusion bronchoconstriction, complete obstruction
41
high ventilation-perfusion ratio
normal ventilation, dec perfusion
42
required for facilitated diffusion of Oxygen
cytochrome p450
43
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right
dec pH, Inc Temp, inc 2,3-DPG, inc CO2
44
oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to left
inc pH, dec Temp, dec 2,3-DPG, dec CO2, inc CO
45
Hb F
shift to left
46
Hb Seattle
shift to right
47
Hb Kansas
shift to right
48
Hb Rainier
shift to left
49
total blood CO2 content @40torr
48ml/100ml blood, 2.4 phys dissolved
50
total blood CO2 content @45torr
57.5ml/100ml blood, 2.7ml phys dissolved
51
pneuomotaxic center
nucleus parabrachialis medialis and Kolliker-Fuse nucleus
52
nucleus tractus solitarius
DRG
53
Botzinger complex/Nucleus retrofacialis
rostral VRG

Physiology (6 decks)

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