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Respiratory Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right-sided chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

A

Pulmonary Oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis or Respiratory Distress Syndrome of newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB

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7
Q

Apical Lesion

A

Assmann Focus

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8
Q

Miliary TB

A

Spread of organism into bloodstream.
Pulmonary artery -> miliary dissemination into liver
Pulmonary vein -> systemic dissemination to liver, spleen and kidneys.

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with bird as pet

A

Chlamydophila psittica

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad

A

Legionella pneumophila

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12
Q

Tall, thin young man who “just went out for a smoke” (WEED)

A

Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy, Erythema nodosum, Non-caseating granulomas, Fatigue, Uveitis, Weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on X-ray

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on X-ray

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-trimoxazole [+prednisolone if severe])

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19
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia Psittica

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23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Cannonball metastases (+weight loss +haematuria)

Study These Flashcards
A

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Morning headache
Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates
26
ACTH-secreting lung tumour
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
27
Small cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine, highly malignant and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.
28
PTH-secreting lung tumour
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
29
Increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoidosis
30
Eggshell calcification at hilar region
Silicosis
31
'Heart-failure cells' seen in alveolar spaces
Macrophages that absorbed haemosiderin found in chronic pulmonary oedema + associated with LVHF. Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.
32
Ghon Focus
Area of infection and caseous necrosis at periphery of lung, beneath pleura (found in TB).
33
Tuberculous pleurisy
GF rupture through visceral pleura into pleural cavity.
34
Coin Lesion on chest radiographs
Rounded solitary lesion= Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (kidney), Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung abscess.
35
Horner's Syndrome
Pancoast tumour or spread to intrathoracic nodes. Signs= ptosis, enophthalmos, miosis + lack of sweating on ipsalateral side.
36
Thumbprint sign on head X-ray
Epiglottitis
37
Inspiratory whoop/ barking cough
Pertussis
38
Snow storm appearance on X-ray
Baritosis or Silicosis
39
Non-smoker + lung cancer
(Peripheral) Adenocarcinoma
40
Squamous + Small-cell lung cancers
Central
41
High D-dimers
Suspect (but not diagnose) PE (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)
42
Low D-dimers
More than likely not PE
43
Large PE
Thrombolysis and anti-coagulate
44
Small PE
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
45
Palpable reference used in BEC
Xiphoid process
46
Site for decompressing tension pneumothorax
2nd intercostal space, above the rib
47
Site of Oblique fissure anteriorly
Rib 6
48
Site of Oblique fissure posteriorly
T3 vertebra
49
Site of horizontal fissure
Right 4th rib
50
Level of carina
Rib 2
51
Auscultation of Middle Lobe
Between the right 4th and 6th rib
52
Auscultation of lung base
T11 vertebra
53
Site of lung apex
Superior to clavicle
54
Palpable within jugular notch
Trachea
55
Level which Lower Respiratory tract begins
C6 vertebra
56
Sternocleidomastoid
Accessory muscle of respiration, found in neck.
57
Diaphragm
Major inspiratory muscle in a sheet, containing crura.
58
Internal intercostals
Thoracic muscles involved in active expiration.

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