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Y1 Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

stony dull percussion

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

alveolar bat’s wings, kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory distress of the newborn

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5
Q

ziel-neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

apical disease

A

secondary TB (most likely)

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7
Q

what is miliary tuberculosis?

A

when the organism has spread into the bloodstream

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8
Q

positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

chest infection with a bird as a pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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10
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after a holiday abroad

A

legionella

test urine for antigens

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11
Q

tall, thin men short of breath with chest pain

A

pneumothorax

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12
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)/signet ring sign

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

D sign on CXR

A

empyema

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15
Q

steeple sign on XR

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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16
Q

child with barking cough

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV, treat with co-tramoxazole (+prednisolone if severe)

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18
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

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19
Q

alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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20
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

mucoid sputum (white and frothy)

A

chlamydia psittaci

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22
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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23
Q

cannonball metastases (+ weight loss and haematuria)

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

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24
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia (or side effects of organic nitrates)

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25
lung cancer associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes
small cell lung cancer
26
parathyroid hormone secreting tumour
squamous cell carcinoma
27
increased serum ACE and Ca2+
sarcoidosis
28
eggshell calcification and hilar region
silicosis
29
heart failure cells (hemosiderin-containing macrophages/siderophages) seen in alveolar spaces
chronic pulmonary oedema and associated left-ventricular heart failure, long-standing pulmonary hypertension
30
ghon focus lesion
TB
31
assmann focus lesion
apical lesion of secondary TB infection
32
coin lesion on CXR
primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour, bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess
33
Horner's syndrome
Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the cervical sympathetic chain
34
thumbprint sign head x-ray
epiglottitis
35
inspiratory whoop/barking cough
pertussis
36
snow storm appearance on CXR
bartiosis, silicosis
37
non-smoker with lung cancer
adenocarcinoma
38
central lung cancers
squamous + small cell
39
high d-dimers
increases suspicion of PE (send for CTPA and V/Q scan)
40
low d-dimers
exclude pulmonary embolism
41
large PE treatment
thrombolysis
42
small PE treatment
LMWH
43
respiratory alkalosis
panic attack
44
frank pus on aspiration
empyema
45
obstructive lung disease with raised eosinophils
asthma
46
obstructive lung disease with raised neutrophils
COPD
47
pickwickian disease
obese people whose body fat prevents air getting in (causes sleep apnoea and hypercapnia)
48
guillian-barre
causes paralysis (preceded by strep infection in the resp or GI tract)
49
2 types of coal workers pneumoconiosis
simple, progressive massive fibrosis | the problems are usually found at the apex
50
bar wind, upper lobe venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissure, kerley B lines
pulmonary oedema
51
in asbestosis where are the problems found
base of the lung
52
if PE is not life-threatening what is the treatment
warfarin and heparin
53
type 1 diabetic, not taking insulin, is vomiting with dehydration and deep labored breathing
metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)
54
cANCA positive
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegner's granulomatosis)
55
most common lung cancer is smokers
squamous cell
56
smoker with cavitating hilar tumours
squamous cell
57
which lung cancer secretes parathyroid hormone and causes hypercalcemia
squamous cell
58
lung cancer that is poorly differentiated and released sex hormone which can cause gyneocomastia
large cell
59
chemosensitive lung cancer
small cell
60
cancer that secretes ADH and ACTH
small cell
61
rifampicin side effects
red-orange discoloration of urine and tears, rashes and heptotoxicity
62
isoniazid side effects
peripheral neuropathy
63
pyrazinamide side effects
join pain, rash, GI disturbances, itch, hepatotoxicity
64
dry cough in young people
mycoplasma
65
coxiella burnetii
sheep, farms, Q-fever
66
red currant jelly sputum, COPD, alcoholic, elderly people
klebsiella
67
staph aureus, pseudomonas aerungiosa
CF patients with pneumonia
68
COPD, alcoholic, elderly
haemophilius influenzae

Y1 Buzzwords (4 decks)

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