Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is the superior thoracic aperture/anatomical thoracic inlet bound by?
- the first thoracic vertebra (T1) posteriorly
- the first pair of ribs laterally
- the costal cartilage of the first rib and the superior border of the manubrium anteriorly
Where is the superior thoracic aperture/anatomical thoracic inlet found?
Gap at top of the rib cage
What is the inferior thoracic aperture/thoracic outlet bound by?
- 12th thoracic vertebra posteriorly
- 11th and 12th pairs of ribs laterally
- costal cartilages of ribs 7 through 10 and xiphisternal joint anteriorly
Where is the inferior thoracic aperture/thoracic outlet found?
Gap at the bottom of the rib cage
Where is the sternal angle found?
At the lower border of T4 vertebra
What shape is the first rib?
Broad and flat
The upper surface of the first rib is marked by two shallow grooves, what are these grooves for?
Subclavian vein/artery
What are the two grooves on the first rib separated by?
Scalene tubercle
What is the purpose of the scalene tubercle?
Attachment of the anterior scalene muscle
What type of joint is the costovertebral joints?
Synovial plane joint
What are the different types of intercostal muscles?
External, internal, and innermost
What happens to the muscles during inspiration?
Diaphragm contracts (pull down lungs) and chest muscles expand (pull out lungs) causing air to be sucked in like a vacuum
What is a paranasal sinus?
Space inside the bones that surround the nose
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
1.) frontal
2.) ethmoid
3.) sphenoid
4.) maxillary
What do the paranasal sinuses do?
Help the air to circulate and get warm/moist, they also help to amplify the voice (why you sound different with a blocked nose or when you cover your nose)
What is the point called where the trachea splits into the main stem bronchi?
Carina
How many lobes are in the left lung and what are they called?
2, superior and inferior
How many lobes are in the right lung, and what are they called?
3, superior, middle, inferior
What fissure separates the superior and inferior lobes on both the right and left lungs?
Oblique fissure
What fissure separates the superior and middle lobes on the right lung?
Horizontal fissure
What differs between the right main stem bronchus and the left main stem bronchus?
The right one is wider and more vertical than the left, so if you inhale something big that can’t get coughed up it is more likely to go into the right lung
How many generation of bronchi have cartilage?
Trachea + first 3 generations of bronchi
What muscle is present in the trachea and first few generations of bronchi, and with nerves from which nervous system?
Smooth muscles, nerves from the autonomic nervous system
What receptors are present in the smooth muscle that lines the trachea and first few generation of bronchi?
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors
