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N190 > Respiratory, Breast, & Axillae > Flashcards

Respiratory, Breast, & Axillae Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Functional unit of the lungs

A

alveoli

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2
Q

The true ribs are?

A

1 to 7

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3
Q

Rib 8 to 10 are connect to?

A

cartilage of the 7th rib

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4
Q

The floating ribs are?

A

11 & 12

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5
Q

Angle of Louis

A

the articulation between the manubrium and body of the sternum; in line with the second rib

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6
Q

Normal sound of indirect percussion of the lungs?

A

resonance

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7
Q

Hyperresonace

A

when air is trapped in the lungs

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8
Q

Tracheal sound

A
  • harsh, high-pitched
  • over trachea
  • I < E
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9
Q

Bronchial sound

A
  • loud, high-pitched
  • next to trachea
  • E > I
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10
Q

Bronchial vesicular sound

A
  • next to sternal border; between scapulae
  • medium-pitched
  • I = E
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11
Q

Vesicular

A
  • soft, low-pitched
  • over remainder of lungs
  • I > E
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12
Q

How to assess bronchophony

Ausculation Technique

A

say “99”

normal: muffled

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13
Q

How to assess egophony

Ausculation Technique

A

say “E:

normal: “eeeee”

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14
Q

How to assess whispered pectoriloquy

A

whisper “ 1, 2, 3”

normal: faint, almost indistinguishable

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15
Q

Technique used to elicit tactile fremitus?

A

palpation

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16
Q

Causes of increased tactile fremitus

A
  • fluid in the lungs
  • fibrosis
  • tumor
  • infection
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17
Q

Causes of decreased tactile fremitus

A
  • soft voice
  • thick chest muscles
  • obesity
  • COPD
  • pleaural effusion
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18
Q

How to assess for diaphragmatic excursion

A

percussion

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19
Q

Normal diaphragmatic excursion

A

3-5 cm; may go up to 7-8 cm in well-fit, althlectic individuals

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20
Q

Causes of decrease diaphragmatic excursion

A

< 3 cm
- lungs not fully expanding
- emphysema
- atelectasis
- respiratory depression

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21
Q

Asymmetric diaphragmatic excursions indicates?

A

paralysis or pleural effusion of higher side of chest

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22
Q

Bronchophony sound when lungs are filled with fluid

A

loud, clear sounds

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23
Q

Ronchi Wheezes (sibilant)

A

continuous, high-pitched

expected with asthma (blocked airflow)

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24
Q

Ronchi (sonorous)

A

continuous, low-pitched, snorring, rattling

common with COPD, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, & cystic fibrosis

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25
Crackles
crackling, bubbling | common in lobar pneumonia
26
Causes of loud, moist, low-pitched bubbling | coarse crackles
alveoli are filled with fluid
27
Atelectasis breath sounds
decreased at the lower lobe of the lungs
28
Causes of atelectasis
- prolonged bed rest of post-op clients - ineffective coughing - hypoventilation
29
External respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveoli level of the lungs
30
Internal respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2 at the cellular level of the lungs
31
Active phase of respiration
inspiration
32
Passive phase of respiration
exhalation
33
Eupnea
normal breathing; regular, rhythmic, even, and labored
34
Normal breathing for newborns
40-80 breaths/min
35
Eupnea with occasional sigh still normal breathing
true
36
Frequent sighs will result in?
hyperventilation
37
Choanal atresia
- congenital defect - membrane obstructs the nasal passage of the newborn - must be managed right away bc it can lead to respiratory failure
38
Tachypnea
rapid, shallow
39
Hyperventilation
rapid, deep
40
Bradypnea
slow, regular
41
Hypoventilation
slow, irregular, shallow
42
Cheyne Stokes breathing
regular pattern with periods of apnea | in elderly, dying patients
43
Ataxia (Biots) breathing
irregular pattern with periods of apnea | common in pts with brain damage
44
Most common breathing for COPD, asthma, and chronic bronchitis?
obstructive breathing, prolonged expiration
45
Stridor
heard without stethascope
46
Pleural friction rub
produced outside of airway; rubbing and dry
47
Causes of loud, scratchy breath sounds
patient with pleurisy caused by inflammation of the pleura
48
What to advise a client when using spirometer
- secure lips around the mouthpiece - take a deep breath in
49
Elliptical
- normal configuration of chest in adults - lateral diameter of the chest is 2:1 with anterior posterior diameter of the chest
50
Normal chest configuration of newborns & toddlers
barrel chest | abnormal finding found in COPD
51
Scoliosis
lateral deviation of spinal process
52
Kyphosis
exaggerated curvature of thoracic vertebrae | common in elderly
53
Lordosis
exaggerated curvature of the lumbar vertebrae | common in pregnant women
54
Pectus excavatum | (funnel chest)
- funnel chest - congenital deformity - depression of the sternum and adjacent cartilage - compresses the heart and lungs - cardiac murmurs may be heard - surgery is indicated
55
Pectus carinatum | (pigeon chest)
- pigeon chest - congenital deformity - forward displacement of the sternum with depression of adjacent cartilage - no management necessary
56
Clubbing of the fingers are due to?
- chronic smoking - hypoxia - poor tissue perfusion - nail angle > 160 degrees
57
Early signs of hypoxia
- ALOC - anxiety or confusion - if not corrected, results in hypertension
58
Most important question to as a patient with rhinitis
Hx of allery
59
Normal findings of tansillumination of the sinuses
red glow
60
Absence of transillumination of sinuses indicates?
fluid filled sinuses
61
What to do if patient complains of sinus headache
- assess for transillumination of sinuses or - direct percussion of sinuses
62
What is responsible for milk production in post-partum patients?
acini cells
63
Supernumerary nipples
minor congenital malformation - additional nipples that occurs along the breastline from the armpit to the groin - misdiagnosed as moles
64
Most breast tumors are located in the?
upper outer quadrant of the breast
65
SB for elderly
same day and same time monthly
66
SB for female still menstruating
3-5 days after cycle | hormones are more stable
67
Fibroadenoma
- well-defined breast tumor - no tenderness/discharge - common in adolescent girls to 30 y/o
68
Intraductal papilloma
most common cause of benign nipple discharge of menopausal female
69
Orange peel appearance on skin of breast is a sign of?
breast malignancy or cancer
70
Action for asthma exacerbations
- measure airflow (pulmonary function test) - admin albuterol as prescribed - monitor PICC flow - monitor for development of sudden absence of wheezing

N190 (1 decks)

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