RESPIRATORY CD Flashcards by yssa agana

What is Diphtheria

Acute toxin meditated disease

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Causative agent of Diphtheria

Corynebacterium Diphtheria/ klebbs-loffler (bacteria)

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Mode of transmission of Diphtheria

Droplet

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Incubation period of Diphtheria

2-5 days

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Risk factor of Diphtheria

Over crowding
Immunocompromised pt
Incomplete immunization (No DPT vax)

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4 kinds of Diphtheria

Respiratory
Laryngeal
Nasal
Cutaneous

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Most common types of Diphtheria

Respiratory Diphtheria

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Signs and symptoms of respiratory Diphtheria

Sore throat
Fever
Dysphagia
Bull neck appearance (caused by toxin)

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Signs and symptoms of laryngeal diphtheria

Increase hoarseness of voice
Cough
Stridor (upon inhalation) -> medical emergency= airway obstruction

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Signs and symptoms of nasal diphtheria

Mildest form
Clear nasal discharge (blood stained)

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Signs and symptoms of cutaneous diphtheria

Skin ulcers (usually legs)

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Diagnostic test use for diphtheria

Nasopharyngeal swab
Swab from lesions

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Intervention for diphtheria

Isolation of the child (until 2 negative swabs are taken within 24 hours apart)
Antibiotics (erythromycin, penicillin, antipyretics for fever)
CBR (except nasal type)
Soft diet
Oral hygiene (don’t use toothbrush, warm mouth wash)

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Prevention Diphtheria

Active vaccine: DPT vax
Passive: anti toxin, immunoglobulin

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Complications of Diphtheria

MYOCARDITIS

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What is pertussis

Aka whooping cough

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Causative agent for pertussis

Bordetella Pertussis
Bordet Gengou Bacillus (bacteria)

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Mode of transmission of pertussis

Droplet

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Incubation period of pertussis

7-10 days (not exceeding 21 days)

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S/sx: Prodromal (catarrhal stage) of pertussis

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7-14 days
Mild fever
Headache
Colds
Cough

S/sx: paroxysmal stage (acute illness) or pertussis

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14-28 days
Whooping cough (Hallmark sign) - deep inhalation followed by cascade SHARP COUGH in 1 exhalation phase
Vomiting
Anorexia- lack of appetite

S/sx: convalescent stage of pertussis

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2 weeks stage
Less coughing and vomiting

Dx test for pertussis

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Bordet gengou agar test= nasopharyngeal swab

Intervention for pertussis

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Antibiotics (erythromycin, penicillin, antipyretics)
Isolation
CBR
Promote effective coughing
Encourage increase OFI
Suction if prescribe
CPT

Prevention of pertussis

Active: DPT vaccine (3doses 6,10,14 wks) Passive: immunoglobulin

What is tuberculosis

Aka: koch's infection, phthisis, galloping consumption, PTB

Causative agent of TB

Myobacterium TB (koch's Bacillus) = rod-shaped, acid fast bacillus

MOT of TB

Airborne

What is the incubation period of TB

2-12 weeks

Period of communicability of TB

No longer infection after 2 weeks of treatment

S/sx of of TB

Greater than 2 weeks Cough Low grade fever Unexplained weight loss Night sweats Easy fatigability Hemoptysis (dugo sa phlegm)

Extrapulmonary TB

TB meningitis - neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity) Abdominal TB - ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly skeletal TB - non painful enlarged joints Pott's disease (spinal TB) - spine deformity Renal TB - hematuria, pyuria

Diagnostic test for TB

Tuberculin skin test/mantoux test - 5-10 mm (positive for high risk pt) - 10 mm ( positive for normal healthy ind.) CXR Direct sputum smear microscopy - confirmatory for TB

Direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM) consideration

Confirmatory for TB - early morning sputum (unang dahak) - 3-5 ml - provide mouthcare

Latent TB infection

No symptoms Cannot spread Skin test indicates TB infection Normal CXR Negative sputum test

Active TB infection

Has symptoms Feeling sick May spread bacteria Skin test indicating TB infection Abn CXR Positive sputum smear

Intervention for TB

TB DOTS -> ensure compliance Direct observe tx short course Use N95 mask

Medication for TB

Rifampicin- hepatotoxic Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia Ethambutol - optic neuritis Streptomycin - ototoxic

What is pneumonia

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma

Causative agent for Pneumonia

Virus, protozoa, bacteria Streptococcus (CAP) Staphylococcus gram (-) (HCAP) Pseudomonas klebsiella (ICU)

MOT of pneumonia

Direct (droplet)

S/sx of pneumonia

Cardinal signs: - shaking chills - productive cough - sputum production - pleuritic/chest pain

Sputum production color

Rusty (strepto) Creamy yellow (staph) Greenish (pseudomonas) Currant jelly (klebsiella) Clear no infection

Mgt for chest pain in pneumonia

Splint the chest wall Apply chest binder Turn to sides (affected side)

IMCI for Pneumonia

Fast breathing Chest indrawing use of accessory muscle Stridor harsh breath sounds during inspiration Wheezing high pitched sound when expiration

Dx exam for Pneumonia

Chest xray -confirmatory test Sputum exam

Medical Mgt for Pneumonia

Antibiotics Inhalation therapy

Nrsg care for Pneumonia

Maintain patent airway Provide adequate rest Adequate nutrition Comfort measure

Prevention of pneumonia

Immunization Cover nose and mouth Proper disposal secretion

RESPIRATORY CD Flashcards

(49 cards)