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N348 Peds > Respiratory Conditions > Flashcards

Respiratory Conditions Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

respir failure v cardiac

A

kids respir driven, lungs will fail b4 heart

inc risk cardiopulm failure if breathing compromised

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2
Q

upper airway- anatomy

A

nasopharynx and oropharynx

epiglottis

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3
Q

larynx function

A

voice box

separates upper and lower airways

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4
Q

lower airway fun

A

allow for oxygenation and gas exchange

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5
Q

upper airway- fun

A

pathway for gas exchange

allows for ventilation

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6
Q

lower airway- anatomy

A

alveoli, lungs, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles

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7
Q

child alterations in upper airway anatomy

A

big tongue
vocal cords slant upwards
larynx higher in the neck (easier to occlude airway)
long floppy epiglottis
lungs dec capacity (dec SA for gas exchange)
cartilage in neck more flexible
shorter and narrower= inc airway resistence

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8
Q

child alterations in lwr airway

A

mainstem bronchi separate higher (T3 not T6)
fewer, immature alveoli (dec gas exchange)
narrower bronchioles
< 6yrs use diagram for inspiration
smaller lungs
immature intercostal muscles (prone to retractions)

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9
Q

assessment- respirations

A

rate/rhythm
depth and symmetry
effort (WOB retractions, head bobbing, nasal flaring etc)

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10
Q

assessment- cough

A

charac, effort and timing

ex. after eating can aspirate

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11
Q

risk w/ mid clavicular and tracheal tugging

A

indicate extreme respir. distress

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12
Q

assessment- color

A

location/shade
effect of crying
presence of cyanosis

around lips- circumoralcyanosis
hands/feet- acrocyanosis

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13
Q

assessment- pain

A

location, origin and severity

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14
Q

assessment- advent. sounds

A

wheeze- lower (swelling and asthma)
stridor- upper (obstruction, bac or viral)
crackles- lower (alveoli stick together)

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15
Q

assessment- odors/mucus

A

color, consistency, breath

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16
Q

assessment- positioning

A

shoulder roll

jaw thrust

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17
Q

respiration range for age

A 
newborn- 33-50
1- 25-40
3- 20-30
7- 16-22
10- 16-20
17- 12-20`
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18
Q

cardial s/s of respir distress

A

restlessness
tachycardia
tachypnea
diaphoresis

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19
Q

compensatory mechanisms and function- grunting

A

most scary sign
last ditch effort to keep alveoli open
present upon expiration

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20
Q

compensatory mechanisms and function- retractions

A

assist w/ ventilation

open lungs and drops diaphragm

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21
Q

compensatory mechanisms and function- head bobbing

A

assist w/ ventilation

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22
Q

compensatory mechanisms and function- nasal flaring

A

inc diam of air passages

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23
Q

compensatory mechanisms and function- hyperextension of neck and head

A

opens airway (too much tilt up/down can pinch off airway)

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24
Q

respir distress- interventions

Study These Flashcards
A 
assess airway
supplemental o2 (cpap or ambu bag)
25
respir failure- s/s
``` altered mental status tachypnea (turns into bradypnea) extreme tachycardia (turns to bradyardia) acidotic pH cant maintain o2 stats retractions and apnea cyanosis or gray color ```
26
respir failure early signs
occurs fast when compensatory mech fail (head bobbing,nasal flaring etc) stimulated by hypoventilation of the aveoli
27
flow chart of respir distress if not trted
``` compensatory mech respir distress respir arrest cardiac arrest dec ventilation= inc co2 accum= inc acidity= dec pH (respir. acidosis) ```
28
newborn breathing pattern
periodic obligatory nose breathers (can only get air in through nose) make sure it's not plugged!
29
supplemental o2- NC
24-35% 0. 25-6 L/min * humidify
30
supplemental o2- simple mask
35-50% | 5-10L/MIN
31
supplemental o2- non rebreather
70-100% | 10-15L
32
supplemental o2- BIPAP or CPAP
bipap- bilevel posit. airway pressure | cpap- contin. posit. airway pressure
33
supplemental o2- %
RA= 21%
34
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
CROUP 3 mo- 8yr cold air calms inflamm, get worse when inside viral infection upper airway s/s seal cough, dyspnea, stridor on inspir., fever trt- steroids, racemic epi (nebulized) for immed. effect trts localized swelling (risk for rebound swelling)
35
spasmodic laryngitis
3mo- 3yrs night barkingn cough, mild respir distress trt- cool, mist, self limiting
36
epiglottitis def
inflammation/ swelling MEDICAL EMERGENCY bacterial infection (influenza B) can be avoided w/ vaccinations
37
epiglottitis- s/s
``` tripod position drooling stridor high fever steeple sign on x ray (airway narrows) ```
38
epiglottitis- trtment
immediate endotrach tube for airway patency antibotics keep kid calm
39
tracheitis def
``` bac or viral common in fall/winter more common in males often secondary to a already existing dis determined after intebated ```
40
tracheitis- s/s
croupy cough, hoarse high fever stridor thick, purulent secretions
41
tracheitis- trtmnt
antib fluids mucolytics
42
pneumonia
infection lower airway bac or viral (or b/) fever, cough, tachypnea, n/v, lethargic trt- monitor for distress encourage cough/deep breathing (can suction of chest physiotherapy) antib if bac.
43
respiratory syncytial virus- bronchiolitis
``` common during winter RSV cells in bronchioles slough and clog alveoli mid cough, rhinorrhea and congestion worse after 2 days symptomatic trtmnt (suction, fluids, o2) ```
44
respiratory syncytial virus- bronchitis
inflamm trachea, bronchi and bronchioles more widespread than bronchiolitis viral barking cough, chest pain, thick sputum may vomit thick mucus trt symptomatically (fluids, rest, hydration)
45
foreign body aspiration
s/s- cough, dyspnea, stridor, hoarse can cause severe distress remove surgically common foods- popcorn, seeds, carrots, hot dogs, grapes, coins, marbles, caps
46
acute respir. distress syndrome
diffuse, inflammatory lung injury common after bac/viral infection direct or indirect bilat. opacities on xray
47
acute respir distress- trt
``` intubation positive pressure (CPAP, BiPAP) antib, diuretic (pull fluid out lungs), vasodil dec pulmon vasc resistance gastric ulcer prophylaxis ```
48
pneumothorax
accum air in pleural space spontaneous, tension or traumatic high risk- 12-16 white males skinny
49
pneumo- s/s
dyspnea | tachypnea, respir distress, hypoxemia, trach deviation
50
pneumo- trt
chest tube, suppl 02, pain management | emergent needle aspiration (if tension)
51
asthma- patho
bronchoconstriction, inc mucus production, airway remodeling
52
asthma- trtment
meds, control triggers education (asthma action plan) common triggers- tobbaco, pollen, mold, exercise, anxiety, pet dander
53
cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive genetic disorder abnormal in body's salt, water, and mucus making cells can asymptomatically carry gene (only 1 parent needs be carrier) most lethal inherited disorder in white ppl sticky mucus builds up in lungs, sinuses, liver, pancr, intestines and reproductive organs
54
cystic fibrosis- manif
failure to thrive, tachypnea, wheezing, retractions, recurrent pneumonia posit. sweat chloride test failure to pass meconium w/in 48hr (or if stool is foamy or immisible)
55
cystic fibrosis- trtmnt
``` pancr enzyme replacement percussion/drainage mucolytics high protein, high calorie, high fat take ADEK vitamins cant absorb fat sol. vitamins ```
56
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
chronic obstructive disorder dec SA for gas exchange cause- prolonged use supp 02 and CPAP after premature birth
57
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)- s/s
tachypnea, tachycardia, nasal f, grunting, retractions, wheezing, crackles, failure to thrive, inc 02 demands 23-25 wks diagnosed during flare up
58
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)- trtmnt
positioning, humidified suppe 02, chest physiotherapy, bronchodil, suction cluster cares diuretics (prevent fluid overload) can require trach

N348 Peds (5 decks)

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