Respiratory disease in small mammals and exotic species Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the clinical signs of respiratory disease in small mammals
Lethargy
Poor coat
Anorexia
Audible clicking
sneezing
ocular discharge
Dyspnoea/ abdominal heaving
What are the clinical signs of respiratory disease in reptiles
Lethargy
Anorexia
weight loss
difficulty breathing
open mouth breathing
wheezes or crackles
What are the clinical signs of respiratory disease in birds
lethargy
anorexia
crusting around nares
periorbital swelling
dyspnoea/ tail bobbing
voice change
tachypnoea
What are the top 4 differentials for respiratory disease in small mammals
URT bacterial infection
LRT bacterial infection
Husbandry related: allergy, dust, ventilation
Dental disease
What are common infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease in guinea pigs
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydophilia caviae
Adenovirus
What are the common infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease in rabbits
Pasturella multocida
Bordetella bronchiseptica
What are the common infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease in rats and mice
Mycoplasma pulmonis
Pasturella pneumotropica
Strep pneumoniae
Sedai virus (mice)
What are the top 4 differentials for respiratory disease in reptiles
URT bacterial infection
Viruses
Husbandry
Space occupying lesions
What are the 2 most common causes of URT infection in tortoises
Herpes virus
Mycoplasma
What virus can cause respiratory disease in lizards
Adenovirus
What virus can cause respiratory disease in snakes
Paramyxovirus
What husbandry related issues can cause respiratory disease in reptiles
High or low temperatures
High humidity (when not needed)
Stress
poor ventilation
What are space occupying lesions a particular concern in terms of respiratory disease in reptiles
No diaphragm means a large mass of fluid in the coelomic cavity will compress lungs
What are the top 4 differentials for respiratory disease in birds
LRT bacterial infections
Fungal infections
Husbandry
Space occupying lesions
What fungi primarily causes respiratory disease in birds
Aspergillosis
What exotic respiratory pathogens is PCR commonly used to test for
Mycoplasma
Herpes virus
Aspergillosis
What samples of the URT can be taken in rabbits
Deep nasal swab
Nasolacrimal duct flush
What samples of the URT can be taken in birds
Nasal flush
nasal swab via mouth and choana
What are diagnostics of respiratory disease in reptiles trying to achieve
Localisation
Infectivity
Severity/ prognosis
Diagnosis
What are some common husbandry underlying causes of respiratory disease in reptiles
Temperatures
UV
Humidity
Diet and supplements
Recent changes
What are some common husbandry underlying causes of respiratory disease in birds
Cage location
bedding
Sprays
diet
UV
recent changes
How are small mammals treated for respiratory disease
Supportive nutrition for hind gut fermenters
regular nebulisation
Mucolytic in food
NSAIDs
ABs if needed
What is the first line broad spectrum antibiotic for small mammals
TMPs
What are the ABs in the PLACE rule for rabbits and rodents
Penicillins
Lincosamines
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Erythromycin
