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Respiratory Disease > Respiratory Disease Unit PFT/Radiography > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease Unit PFT/Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

What are four substances that have four different densities?

A

Air, Fat, Bone, Water

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2
Q

Fluoroscopy is also referred to as what?

A

Sniff Test

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3
Q

What is used to diagnose COPD?

A

X-ray

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4
Q

What is used to diagnose a bleb?

A

CT

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5
Q

What is commonly used to diagnose lung cancer?

A

CT

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6
Q

What things need to be looked at on an X-ray?

A

Tracheal displacement, Heart size, Hilar or mediastinal lesions, Lungs, Bones, soft tissue, ID tubes, lines

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7
Q

At what level should inspiration be at when Xray is taken?

A

Diaphragmatic domes should be at 9th to 11th level of ribs.

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8
Q

How do you determine if patient is in the correct position?

A

Are the clavicles lined up?

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9
Q

How do you know if the film is over-exposed?

A

Heart/lungs are more radiolucent?

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10
Q

How do you know if the heart/lungs are under-exposed?

A

More opaque

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11
Q

To verify normal exposure, what point do the vertebrae need to be visible?

A

5th or 6th level

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12
Q

What is considered a normal heart size on xray?

A

no more than 1/2 width of thoracic cavity

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13
Q

Before you can interpret a film, what needs to be done?

A

Correct date, time and patient. Identify pt. position, and look for any rotation.

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14
Q

Computed tomography is used to evaluate?

A

Lung infection/pleura, bronchiectasis, blebs, lung cancer

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15
Q

Other types of radiographic techniques?

A

CT, PET, MRI, V/Q, fluoroscopy, bronchography

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16
Q

What is Opacity?

A

White

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17
Q

What is radiodensity mean?

A

Ability to stop or reduce passage of xray beams. Bones display as white.

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18
Q

What is radiolucency?

A

produces dark images on xray

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19
Q

What is translucent?

A

transmitting light but not diffusing it so that objects beyond are not clear.

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20
Q

What do you need to know about shifting and Atelectasis?

A

towards the abnormal - goes left or up.

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21
Q

What is bronchography?

A

tubular outline of an airway made visible by filling of the surrounding alveoli by fluid or inflamm. exudates.

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22
Q

What is honey combing?

A

clustered cystic air space - pulm fibrosis

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23
Q

What is a bleb or bulla?

A

blister filled with air or fluid

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24
Q

What is consolidation?

A

a mass that has solidified

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25
Q

What are the 3 components to PFT?

A

measure airway mechanics, measure lung volumes/capacity, measure diffusion capacity of lung

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26
Q

What is the most important factor to influence lung size?

A

Height

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27
Q

FEV1/FVC less than 70% indicates what?

A

Obstructive lung disease

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28
Q

True or False? Obstructed lung disease has reduced volumes?

A

FALSE

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29
Q

What does Obstructive lung disorder mean?

A

the flow is obstructed on expiration; the gas that enters the alveoli cannot leave the alveoli during expiration.

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30
Q

What factors increase in obstructed lungs

A

Residual volume, total lung capacity, functional residual volume, tidal volume

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31
Q

What factors DECREASE in obstructed lungs

A

IRV, ERV, and VC

32
Q

Diseases that are obstructed are:

A

chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema

33
Q

What factors decrease in restricted lungs?

A

All of it

34
Q

What remains normal in restricted lungs?

A

Residual volume and TLC - they all go down but in a uniform fashion.

35
Q

Restrictive lung diseases are:

A

pneumothorax, pul. edema, TB, flail chest, pleural effusion

36
Q

What does restricted lung disease mean?

A

the volume is restricted, increased lung rigidity, decreased lung compliance

37
Q

What are nomograms? Why are they beneficial?

A

rapidly determine normals for spirometry; height/weight chart, BMI

38
Q

PFT does what?

A

Determine functional status of the lungs

39
Q

This measurement is used to determine the integrity of the alveolar capillary membrane?

A

DLCO

40
Q

FEV1 does what?

A

determines obstructive flows

41
Q

The NIF measurement assesses this muscle?

A

Diaphragm

42
Q

FRC

A

it is the resting volume in the lungs after exhalation of tidal (normal) breath

43
Q

What is Vt

A

The amount of gas that is in a breath cycle

44
Q

What is RV?

A

The gas that cannot be exhaled after normal exhale; it always stays in there - no direct measurement.

45
Q

500 ml

A

Tidal Volume

46
Q

5800 ml

A

Total Lung Capacity

47
Q

Vital Capacity?

A

volume of air that can be exhaled after a max. inspiration (they should call it expiratory capacity.

48
Q

4600

A

VC

49
Q

IC?

A

volume of air that can be inhaled after a maximal inspiration

50
Q

3500 ml

A

IC

51
Q

Total lung capacity has what components in it?

A

RV, IC, Vt, ERC

52
Q

The VC is what components?

A

ERV, Vt, IC

53
Q

FRC is what components

A

RV, ERV

54
Q

To be normal this difference can exist in FVC and VC

A

200 ml

55
Q

TET time for FVC…what is normal?

A

4-6 sec.

56
Q

What is FVC

A

total volume of gas that can be exhaled as forcefully and rapidly as possible after max. inspiration.

57
Q

What is normal FEV1

A

anything over 80%

58
Q

What is ERV?

A

volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal breath.

59
Q

1100

A

ERV

60
Q

What is IRV?

A

volume of air that can be forcefully inspired after normal breath.

61
Q

3000 ml

A

IRV

62
Q

Factors that increase lung capacity?

A

Exercise, CHF

63
Q

The size of residual volume is?

A

1200 ml

64
Q

VC size?

A

4600 ml

65
Q

TLC size?

A

5800 ml

66
Q

Residual Volume can be directly measured. True or False?

A

FALSE

67
Q

What can be used to measure RV?

A

body plethysmography, helium dilution, N2 washout

68
Q

This lung volume is moved out and in during a normal breath cycle?

A

Vt (Tidal Volume)

69
Q

What is functional residual volume?

A

the lung volume at rest after normal exhalation.

70
Q

What components make up FRV?

A

ERV and RV

71
Q

2300 ml

A

FRC

72
Q

Why is the FVC decreased in Restrictive lung disorders?

A

patient cannot fully expand the lungs

73
Q

Would the TET be increased or decreased in restrictive diseases?

A

Normal or DECREASED, because of high lung elasticity.

74
Q

Restricted volumes have reduced flow? Yes, or NO

A

NO

75
Q

What is air trapping?

A

when the alveoli become over-distended with gas

Respiratory Disease (1 decks)

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