Respiratory Diseases

Question 1

what is dyspnea?

Answer 1

awareness of unusual breathlessness

Question 2

dyspnea is associated with diseases or situations that:

Answer 2

decrease gas exchange through the lungs

Question 3

what is atelectasis?

Answer 3

loss of lung volume due to inadequate expansion of airspaces, also known as collapse

Question 4

the situation of atelectasis is referred to as:

Answer 4

ventilation perfusion mismatch

Question 5

the significance of atelectasis is that it leads to:

Answer 5

shunting of blood that is not oxygenated into the pulmonary veins, and consequentially hypoxia

Question 6

what is pleural effusion and what is it commonly caused by?

Answer 6

it is fluid in the pleural space- commonly caused by congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 7

empyema is:

Answer 7

purulent fluid in the pleural space

“pus”

Question 8

hemothorax is:

Answer 8

blood in the pleural space

Question 9

pneumothorax is:

Answer 9

air or other gases in the pleural space

Question 10

what is pneumothorax typically caused by?

Answer 10

rupture of a lung (spontaneous or traumatic or due to disease)

Question 11

what is the volume of air moved in and out during normal easy breathing?

Answer 11

tidal volume

Question 12

what is the volume of air moved during a maximal inhalation followed by maximal exhalation?

Answer 12

vital capacity

Question 13

what is the vital capacity plus the residual volume (RV) of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation?

Answer 13

total lung capacity (TLC)

Question 14

FVC of obstructive lung disease is:

Answer 14

normal

Question 15

in obstructive lung disease, how is the FEV1?

Answer 15

decreased FEV1 and decreased FEV1 to FVC ratio

Question 16

which lung disease is characterized by limitation of airflow?

Answer 16

obstructive lung disease

Question 17

which lung disease is characterized by decreased expansion of lung tissue?

Answer 17

restrictive lung disease

Question 18

the FVC in restrictive lung disease is:

Answer 18

decreased

Question 19

how is the FEV1 affected by restrictive lung disease?

Answer 19

there is a normal FEV1 to FVC ratio

Question 20

in obstructive lung disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is typically decreased to:

Answer 20

less than 75%

normal is 75% to 80%

Question 21

with some obstructive lung disease conditions, what else can be affected and how?

Answer 21

TLC (total lung capacity) can be increased also

Question 22

describe the pathology of asthma

Answer 22

exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response called reactive airway disease

Question 23

COPD stands for what and includes what diagnosis

Answer 23

COPD= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 24

emphysema is characterized by:

Answer 24

permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles by destruction of their walls